Objective To summary the incidence of postoperative complications in 235 living donor kidney transplantation recipients，and improve diagnosis and treatment of complications after renal transplantation. Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 235 living donor kidney transplantation recipients admitted from January 2012 to June 2017 in the First Hospital of JiLin University，to analyze its postoperative recovery and complications. Results The mean serum creatinine was 100.1 μmol/L when 235 recipients leaving hospital，with 1 case died of respiratory failure and 4 cases of renal allograft failure，the recent reexamination of serum creatinine was 111.8 μmol/L in the remaining 230 patients. Following up for 6 ～ 59 months， complications included acute rejection，pulmonary infection，urinary tract infection，wound infection，renal artery infection，herpes zoster，urinary fistula and ureter obstruction after renal transplantation，delayed graft function， renal artery stenosis，renal allograft failure，immunosuppressant drug poisoning，diarrhea，myelosuppression， hepatic insufficiency，transplantation diabetes. The 1 year survival rates of the recipients and the transplanted kidneys were 99.8% and 98.7%，respectively. Preoperative use of antithymocyte（ATG）or bariximab could significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative rejection（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion The survival rates of the transplanted kidney could be improved effectively in some methods，such as preoperative comprehensive assessment，intraoperative detailed operation，regular follow-up and timely intervention of complications after operation.