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Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect and benefit achieved on patients with hepatic carcinoma after live donor liver transplantation（LDLT）based on medium- and long-term follow-up experience. Methods Patients who underwent LDLT for primary hepatic carcinoma between May 2007 and April 2011 in the Department of Liver Surgery of Ren Ji Hospital in Shanghai were enrolled into this study，the clinical pathological data，perioperative outcomes，postoperative complications and follow-up results were retrospectivelyreviewed from liver transplantation database. Results From May 2007 to April 2011，there were a total of 41 patients with pathologically proven primary hepatic carcinoma underwent LDLT in our center，with 35 males（85.4％） and 6 females（14.6％），mean age of 50（28-66）years. All of the patients underwent LDLT，and were diagnosed with primary liver cancer by pathology. Salvage LDLT was performed in 3 patients（7.3%），and 13 cases（31.7％）received downstaging before LDLT. 24 of them（58.5%）met the Milan criteria，and 17 case（41.5％）exceeded the criteria. Postoperative complications happened in this group of patients included postoperative infections（13 cases，31.7％），biliary complications（11 cases，26.8％），vascular complications（1 case，2.4％），intra-abdominal bleeding（1 case，2.4％），multiple organ dysfunction syndrome（MODS，1 case，2.4％），hypertension（1 case，2.4％），mental symptom（1 case，2.4％），wound infection（3 cases，7.3％）and wound dehiscence（1 case，2.4％）. Perioperative death occurred in 1 patient（2.4％）. Overall 1- and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 90.1% and 72.3%，respectively ；and 1- and 5-year cumulative recurrence rates were 20.9% and 29.0%，respectively. 1- and 5-yearsurvival rates in 24 cases meeting Milan criteria and 17 exceeding Milan criteria were 91.7％ vs. 87.5％ and 83.1％ vs. 56.3％（P ＝ 0.051）；and 1- and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 13.0％ vs. 32.7％ and 17.4％ vs. 47.0％ （P ＝ 0.035） Conclusion Patients with primary hepatic carcinoma could achieve favorable outcomes after LDLT.

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