Objective To analyze the health-related quality of life（HRQOL）of lung transplant recipients in the first year after surgery，and to explore the influencing factors of HRQOL in lung transplant recipients. Methods A total of 132 patients were surveyed before lung transplantation as well as at 3，6，9 and 12 months after lung transplantation. The demographic characteristics，clinical characteristics，and health-related quality of life SF-36 （Chinese version）were used to conduct longitudinal surveys of recipients during outpatient follow-up. The HRQOL score was determined. Results According to the analysis of clinical characteristics before and after transplantation: FEV1%、6MWD and mMRC were negatively correlated with postoperative time（all P ＜ 0.001），all were statistically significant（P ＜ 0.001）. The over-time HRQOL analysis showed that the physiological functions，physiological functions，physical pain，overall health，energy，social function，mental health，and total scores of the points were different at different time points, with statistical significance（P ＜ 0.05），while the difference in emotional functions at different time points were not statistically significant.（P ＝ 0.709）. A pairwise comparison of the dimensions showed statistically significant differences between the groups ；The factors affecting the quality of life in physiological aspects were the type of transplant，endocrine system and respiratory complications ；The factors influencing the quality of life in terms of psychological aspects were education，primitive disease，complications in blood system，digestive system and respiratory system. Conclusion The quality of life of lung transplantation recipients was affected and reduced by multiple factors. Therefore，we should focus on the factors that affect the quality of life of patients in order to carry out targeted nursing measures.