Thisreview discusses severalmicrofluidic devices developedat theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago（UIC）usedforstudying the physiology andpathophysiology ofhumanisletsandtheir applicationsinthehuman islet transplantationprocess.Thereview firstintroduceskey issues foundin the field ofpancreaticislet transplantation asaclinical therapyforTypeI diabetes. Itthenreviewsmicrofluidictechnologiesthatcanbeused toaddress thosekey issues, theuniquefeaturesassociatedwitheachmicrofluidicdevice, and theapplicationof each.Additionally,the reviewalsobrieflydiscussesthe design andfabricationprinciples of UICmicrofluidicdevices.

Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic drug in treatment of patients with high blood sugar early after kidney transplantation. Methods 45 cases at 1 month after kidney transplantation with high blood glucose were divided into three groups according to insulin used，insulin detemir group（A），insulin glargine group（B）and Novolin N group（C），and 15 patients in each group. The original oral acarbose dose was maintained，and each group of patients received 1 dose a day injections of insulin for 4 weeks. Blood glucose and incidence of hypoglycemia were monitored. Results Fasting blood glucose and post prandial blood sugar after treatment of three groups were significantly decreased，with most

significantly decreased in the A group ；and A，B groups decreased more than C group〔fasting blood glucose （mmol/L）：3.08±0.51，2.86±0.58 vs. 0.92±0.34 ；post prandial blood sugar（mmol/L）：4.38±1.19，4.18±1.22 vs. 2.34±0.77〕，the difference was statistically significant（all P＜0.05）；A，B groups of hypoglycemia events were obviously less than group C（6%，13% vs. 26%）. Conclusions In patients early after kidney transplantation with high blood glucose and cannot be controlled well by acarbose，treatment with addition of long-acting or intermediate- acting insulin can decrease the level of blood glucose obviously. Insulin detemir is effective and gentle for control forblood glucose with less incidence of hypoglycemia，which is a more ideal physiological simulated insulin secretion.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics ofpost-transplantlymphoproliferative disorder （PTLD） in children after liver transplantation， and to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical and pathological data of PTLD patients after liver transplantation were collected from May 2020 to May 2022 in the Pediatric Liver Transplantation Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital. The gender， age， surgical method， postoperative immunosuppression regimen， PTLD treatment regimen， prognosis， clinical manifestations，liver function， plasma EBV-DNA， and imaging examination results were included. Pathological classification and immunohistochemical staining results were analyzed according to WHO classification of lymphoid tissue tumors in 2016. The clinical， pathological and prognostic features of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 8 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTLD after liver transplantation， including 4 males and 4 females， aged 1 ～ 4 years. All the 8 patients had biliary atresia as the primary disease and underwent living donor liver transplantation （LDLT）. In this group，5 cases had lymph node enlargement，5 cases had digestive system symptoms （including abdominal pain，intestinal obstruction， ascites， and abdominal distension），4 cases had liver dysfunction，3 cases had fever， and 1 case had abnormal liver and kidney function. The mean plasma EBV-DNA was 46072copies/ml. The non-destructive， pleomorphic and monomorphic cases accounted for 12.5% （1/8），25% （2/8） and 62.5% （5/8）， respectively. Burkitt lymphoma， diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma and mature T-cell lymphoma accounted for 60% （3/5），20% （1/5） and 20% （1/8） of monomorphic PTLD， respectively. After diagnosis， tacrolimus was tapered or discontinued. Six patients received chemotherapy and2 patients received hemodialysis. Two cases of local space occupying operation was performed. Of the 8 patients，7 caseshad remission and 1 died. Conclusion The early diagnosis of PTLD and the selection of reasonable treatment planaccording to pathological classification can improve the prognosis of patients. Children receiving chemotherapy should be alert to tumolysis syndrome and be given active and effective intervention in time.