Objective Maintaining stable concentrations of anti-rejection drugs represents a critical facetof post-kidney transplantation patient care; however，achieving personalized and precise management for each patient remains challenging. This study leverages an artificial intelligence-based deep learning framework to develop a machine learning predictive model for tacrolimus concentration，with the objective of recommending optimal dosing regimens for individual kidney transplant recipients. Methods Fifty kidney transplant recipients who underwentsurgery at the Urology Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital，Capital Medical University，between January 2024 and April 2025，were enrolled in this study. Drawing on prior experience in tacrolimus dosing，we collected data on patients' gender，age，weight，comorbidities，CYP3A5 metabolic phenotypes，initial tacrolimus（Tac）doses，and FK506 levels measured on postoperative days 7，9，11，13，and 15，with subsequent dosage adjustments made according to each concentration measurement. A LightGBM regression model was employed to predict and optimize tacrolimus dosing regimens. Results Among the 50 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this study，none developed severe complications，including delayed recovery of graft function，postoperative infections，or bleedingThe dataset was partitioned into training and validation sets using a five-fold cross-validation approach. The final model demonstrated robust predictive performance in the test set，with a mean absolute error（MAE）of 0.166，root mean square error（RMSE）of 0.227，mean absolute percentage error（MAPE）of 7.035%，P20 of 0.935，P30 of 0.97，and a coefficient of determination（R-squared）of 0.932. Conclusion The LightGBM regression model exhibited excellent performance，providing a novel and effective strategy for personalized tacrolimus dosage adjustment in kidney transplant recipients. 

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of islet transplantation after failed pancreas transplantation， and to summarize the literature experience. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with islettransplantation after failed pancreas transplantation in the first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University wereretrospectively analyzed and followed up for 6 months.Results In the 3 patients who received islet transplantation afterfailed pancreas transplantation， the islet function was good after operation， the level of fasting C-peptide was significantly improved compared with that before surgery. All patients stopped using exogenous insulin or reduced the dosage by morethan 2/3， and their blood glucose was stable. Conclusion islet transplantation after failed pancreas transplantation canbe a remedial treatment for diabetes mellitus with high efficacy and safety. 

 Objective The incidence，pathological changes and differential diagnosis of commoncomplications after liver transplantation have been studied，through a retrospective analysis of the pathological dataof 209 liver transplant biopsy tissues from a single center. Methods A total of 209 biopsies were performed in145 patients with liver transplantation from August 2013 to April 2023, at the Organ Transplantation Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The liver tissues were fixed with 4% neutral formaldehyde solution， embedded in paraffin and sectioned continuously， routinely HE staining， Masson， D-PAS， reticular fiber histochemical staining， CK7， CMV， C4dimmunohistochemical staining and EBER in situ hybridization were performed. Results Acute T cell-mediated rejection （TCMR） was the most common （36.84%） complication， followed by drug-induced liver injury（DILI）（23.44%） and biliary complications （14.35%）， others include Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infection or recurrence，ischemia-reperfusion injury， cytomegalovirus infection， chronic rejection， plasma cell-rich rejection， vascular complications， recurrent primary disease， primary graft dysfunction， and difficult-to-diagnose liver morphology. The diagnosis of acute T cell-mediated rejection was based on portal inflammation， bile duct inflammation and venous endothelial inflammation. In 58.44% cases of TCMR， the classic“Triad” of portal area was found. In DILI， there were swelling or ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes around central vein， steatosis with different degrees， cholestasis in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi. Biliary complication was characterized by cholestasis in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi， proliferation of small bile ducts along the interface of the portal tract，and interstitial edema.Conclusion The pathological diagnosis should be made after comprehensive analysisof the clinical manifestation， laboratory examination， imaging data and medication history. 

Objective To describe the level of medication adherence and the occurrence of symptoms distress after taking immunosuppressant medication in liver transplantation recipients and explore the relationship between them. Methods A total number of 80 recipients who received liver transplantation from January 2019 to December 2019 in an organ transplantation center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included by convenient sampling. The basel assessment scale for immunosuppressive medication adherence and the modified transplant symptom occurrence and symptomdistress scale（MTSOSD）were used to investigate medication adherence，symptom occurrence and disturbance. Results The symptom occurrence score of MSSOSD was 0 ~135（23.38±21.65），and the symptom disturbance score was 0 ~ 134（14.87±22.27）. Difficulties in falling asleep and fatigue were the first and second in the degree of occurrence and disturbance. A total number of 8 cases（10%）of liver transplantation recipients had poor drug compliance. Medication adherence in liver transplantation recipients was associated with the occurrence of immunosuppressant symptoms（P ＝ 0.013，OR ＝ 0.97）. Conclusion Drug-related side effectsare common in liver transplantation recipients taking immunosuppressive medication，and the occurrence of these symptoms affects the medication adherence. The knowledge of drug and compliance should be strengthened in the follow-up of livertransplantation recipients，especially for recipients more than 3 months after operation. It is important to pay attention tothe symptoms of immunosuppressant in liver transplantation recipients and to give timely treatment to improve medication compliance and reduce the occurrence of rejection. 

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effect of ischemia-free liver transplantation（IFLT）technology in reducing the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）after liver transplantation，and to compare it with the outcomes of conventional liver transplantation（CLT）. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study，including 208 HBV-HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 1，2018，to May 31，2021. Among them，22 cases received IFLT，and the remaining 186 patients received CLT. Patients were divided into IFLT and CLT groups based on the type of surgery they received，and the tumor recurrence rate，early postoperative liver function indicators，incidence of complications，and other perioperative data were compared between the two groups. The primary endpoint was tumor recurrence，and secondary endpoints included early allograft dysfunction（EAD），andserum alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）levels. Results The recurrence-free survival period in the IFLT group was significantly higher than that in the CLT group（P ＝ 0.037）. The incidence of EAD in the IFLT group（4.5%）was significantly lower than that in the CLT group（26.3%，P ＝ 0.046）. The peak serum ALT and AST levels，as well as the peak total bilirubin levels，were all significantly lower in the IFLT group compared to the CLT group within seven days postoperatively. Conclusion IFLT technology helps avoid ischemiareperfusion injury（IRI）by maintaining the blood and oxygen supply to the liver graft，which reduces the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）recurrence and improves the quality of the donor liver. IFLT is expected to become an effective strategy for reducing the recurrence of HCC after liver transplantation and improving patients' long-term prognosis. 

Objective Establish model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice and summarize the experience to provide animal model support for further study of organ transplantation immunology. Methods Inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 30）and C57BL/6（n ＝ 30）mice were selected as donors，and inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 60）mice were used as recipients. The ascending aorta of the donor was anastomosed to the abdominal aorta of the recipient，and the pulmonary artery of the donor was anastomosed to the inferior vena cava of the recipient respectively to establish the heterotopic heart transplantation model. The survival time and the rejection of grafts were observed postoperatively. Results The successful rate of transplantation was 85%（51/60）. The donoroperation time was（7.0±1.0）min，and the recipient operation time was（60±10）min. The vascular anastomosis time was（25±3.0）min. After the transplantation，no immunosuppressive agent was used，and the survival time of the graft was（7.6±0.9）d. The graft on the fifth day，the seventh day showed typical rejection by histopathology. Conclusion Skilled microsurgical techniques and timely management of surgical complications are key to the successful establishment of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice. 

Objective To analyze the research hotspots and development trends of artificial intelligencein the field of organ transplantation. Methods Literatures on the application of artificial intelligence inthe field of organ transplantation from January 2004 to June 2024 were retrieved from the Web of ScienceCore Collection and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database. CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software was used for visual analysis. Results A total of 728 relevant literatures were retrieved，559 English literatures and 143 Chinese literatures were included after screening. The number of literatures published in the early stage was small，while the number of literatures published in recent years has increased significantly. The country with the largest number of articles was the United States，followed by China. The top three institutions in terms of foreignpublications were Mayo Clinic，University of Toronto and Harvard University. Zhejiang University，Peking UnionMedical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were the most active institutions in China. The authors who have published the most articles in English were Cheungpasitporn Wisit and Thongprayoon Charat，and the author who has published the most articles in Chinese was Ren Bin. The main high-frequency keywords in English were machine learning，survival，artificial intelligence，liver transplantation，kidney transplantation，mortality，risk，model，outcome and deep learning. The main high-frequency keywords in Chinese were machine learning， liver transplantation， kidney transplantation， deep learning， artificial intelligence， hepatocellular carcinoma，radiomics，liver cancer，prognosis and tacrolimus. The first emergent keywords in English were artificial neural networks，data mining and survival analysis，and the most recent were predictive model and kidney transplant. The first emergent keywords in Chinese were neural networks，cyclosporine A，and blood concentration，and the most recent were deep learning and machine learning. Conclusion The application of artificial intelligence in thefield of organ transplantation is increasing significantly. The use of machine learning and deep learning to construct prediction models and to analyze the survival of various organ transplantation patients is a current research hotspots. In the future，exchanges and cooperation between countries and disciplines can be strengthened to promote the study and application of advanced AI technologies，so as to further promote the development of this field.