Objective To investigate the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus（EBV） infection after pediatricliving related liver transplantation and analyze related treatment and prognosis. Methods The medical records of pediatric liver transplant recipients who received living related liver transplantation because of biliary atresiaand biliary cirrhosis in Tianjin First Center Hospital during January 1，2012 and December 31，2013 wereanalyzed retrospectively，with diagnostic standard of positive blood EBV-DNA. The incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection after pediatric living related liver transplantation and corresponding treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results 14（16.3%）out of 86 pediatric liver transplant recipients were turned out to be EBV-DNApositive in blood，which were defined as EBV infection，9 cases occurred within the first 3 months after transplantation and 5 after 3 months；when therapy of reducing immunosuppressants and multi antivirus drugs were applied，a total of 13 recipients acquired favorable prognosis，and one case may turn into chronic EBV infection. Conclusion When appropriate immunosuppressants adjustment and antivirus drugs were applied，most pediatric liver transplant recipients who developed EBV infection can acquire satisfying prognosis.

Objective To understand the psychological feelings of parents of children with congenital biliaryatresia，and to provide the basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of such diseases. Methods Convenience sampling method selected 50 parents of children with congenital biliary atresia who were hospitalized in Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine as the research objects，and the Chinese version of the parent experience of child illness（PECI）was used to investigate and analyze the results of the survey. Results The scores of parents' perception frequency of children with congenital biliary atresia from high to low were guilt and worry〔（30.8±7.4）scores〕，unknown sadness and anger〔（19.3±6.4）scores〕，emotions（support，comfort） 〔（12.7±3.7）scores〕，long-term uncertainty〔（10.6±4.3）scores〕. The parents of children with biliary atresia with a monthly income of 3 000 yuan and below felt more guilty and worried than those with an income of more than 3 000 yuan. The difference was statistically significant（P ＜ 0.05）. The parents of children with biliary atresia who lived in the north of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe line had a statistically significant difference in theirfeelings of emotion（support，comfort）than the parents who lived in the south of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe line （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion In clinical work，medical staff should pay attention to the guilt and worry needs of the parents of children，and at the same time pay attention to the differences in the needs between different groups， especially the characteristics of monthly income and living area，so as to enhance the confidence of parents in caring for children and the ability to promote the rehabilitation of children with disease. 

Objective To investigate the main causes of kidney transplantation graft loss，and analyze independent risk factors for loss of graft by chronic rejection. Methods The prognosis of all kidney transplantrecipients from January 2015 to January 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. A total number of 14 recipients with renal graft loss due to chronic rejection were selected as the case group，and 56 recipients corresponding to 28 donors without donor kidney loss were selected as the control group. Clinical data of the two groups of recipients and corresponding donors were retrospectively analyzed，and logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results Inthe past 8 years，147 cases experienced renal graft loss，including 67 cases of renal graft dysfunction and 80 cases of death. The top three causes of renal graft dysfunction were chronic rejection，vascular embolism and relapse of nephropathy. The top three causes of death in transplant patients were infection，cardiovascular accidents and digestive complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in donor age between the case group and the control group（P ＝ 0.012）. Conclusion In our center， chronic rejection was the main cause of renal graft failure. The leading causes of death in kidney transplant patients are infection and cardiovascular problems. Age of the donors is the independent risk factor for renal graft loss bychronic rejection. 

Objective This study was designed to investigate the impact of various coping modes on thequality of life（QOL）in liver transplant recipients. Methods A total of 141 liver transplant recipients，who were selected through convenient sampling method，were evaluated using the scale of basic conditions，medical coping modes questionnaire（MCMQ）and short-form 36-item questionnaire（SF-36）. MCMQ scores were compared withFeifel norm，while SF-36 scores were compared with Sichuan Province norm，and the correlation between oping modes and QOL was analyzed. Results The scores of confrontation，avoidance and acceptance-resignation

Objective To compare the early graft function in biliary atresia patients after living donor liver transplantation and whole liver transplantation. Methods 22 children underwent pediatric liver transplantation for biliary atresia from January 2014 to June 2014 in Tianjin First Central Hospital. Among them，14 patientsunderwent living donor liver transplantation（LDLT group）using piggyback technique with left liver lobe，8 patients underwent whole liver transplantation without bypass（WLT group）. Pre-operative and intraoperativeclinical data and early postoperative liver function were compared retrospectively. Results There were no significant differences in age，gender，weight，preoperative Child-Pugh score，alanine aminotransferase（ALT），aspartate aminotransferase（AST），total bilirubin（TBil），direct bilirubin（DBil），intraoperative blood loss，blood transfusion，and graft weight between these two groups（P ＞ 0.05）. However，donor age was older in LDLT group〔（30.8±6.9）years vs.（8.6±6.0）months〕than that of WLT group，with longer operative time〔（11.6±1.3）hours vs.（9.2±1.5）hours〕and shorter cold ischemia time 〔（72.1±21.7）minutes vs.（458.75±127.72）minutes〕（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Early after liver transplantation，ALT，AST，TBil，DBil decreased progressively（P＜0.05）. The ALT level of LDLT group（U/L ：1 294±1 127，

716.2±594.1，544.6±580.7，377.2±397.9，287.4±269.4）was significantly higher than that of WLT group（U/L ：425.0±458.3，335.0±374.5，246.7±259.7，173.0±189.2，122.2±98.31，P ＜ 0.05）on post operative day（POD）1，2，3，4，5，higher but without significant difference on POD 6 and 7（P ＞ 0.05）. There was no statistical significance in AST level between two groups（P ＞ 0.05）. The TBil and DBil levels of WLT group were higher on POD 1 ～ 4，but lower on POD 5 ～ 7 than that of LDLT group（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion The liver function recovered well early after operation in both groups. ALT level of LDLT group was higher than that of WLT group on POD 1 ～ 5，which was probably related to longer operative time and ischemia injury caused by operation. LDLT is being advocated as an effective method to better meet thewaiting-list needs and shorten the waiting time.

Objective Establish model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice and summarize the experience to provide animal model support for further study of organ transplantation immunology. Methods Inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 30）and C57BL/6（n ＝ 30）mice were selected as donors，and inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 60）mice were used as recipients. The ascending aorta of the donor was anastomosed to the abdominal aorta of the recipient，and the pulmonary artery of the donor was anastomosed to the inferior vena cava of the recipient respectively to establish the heterotopic heart transplantation model. The survival time and the rejection of grafts were observed postoperatively. Results The successful rate of transplantation was 85%（51/60）. The donoroperation time was（7.0±1.0）min，and the recipient operation time was（60±10）min. The vascular anastomosis time was（25±3.0）min. After the transplantation，no immunosuppressive agent was used，and the survival time of the graft was（7.6±0.9）d. The graft on the fifth day，the seventh day showed typical rejection by histopathology. Conclusion Skilled microsurgical techniques and timely management of surgical complications are key to the successful establishment of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice. 

Objective To retrospectively summarize the perioperative clinical data of patients with endstage pulmonary arterial hypertension undergoing lung transplantation， and to analyze the recovery of cardiac function after surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on six patients with end-stage pulmonary arterial hypertension who underwent lung transplantation at the Department of Lung Transplantation of ChinaJapan Friendship Hospital from March 2017 to June 2024. The general information of the patients before surgery， preoperative cardiac function， perioperative use of ECMO and IABP， and the recovery of cardiac function after surgery were analyzed. Results Among the six patients， three were male， and the median age was 33.5 years old. Four patients were diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension， and two had Eisenmenger's syndrome. All patients underwent a detailed cardiac function assessment before surgery. All six patients underwent double lungtransplantation with VA-ECMO assistance. The duration of ECMO assistance was 2 ～ 7 d， with a median time of 4 d. Two patients used IABP. Three patients developed left heart dysfunction after the surgery. But after effective treatment， all patients' cardiac function recovered during the perioperative period. Postoperative echocardiographic results showed that the relevant indicators of cardiac function of all the patients returned to normal， with statistically significant differences compared to preoperative levels（ P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Double lung transplantation is the last treatment option for patients with end-stage pulmonary arterial hypertension. Perioperative circulatory support measures， such as VA-ECMO and IABP， are beneficial for the recovery of cardiac function in such patients.