Thisreview discusses severalmicrofluidic devices developedat theUniversity of Illinois at Chicago（UIC）usedforstudying the physiology andpathophysiology ofhumanisletsandtheir applicationsinthehuman islet transplantationprocess.Thereview firstintroduceskey issues foundin the field ofpancreaticislet transplantation asaclinical therapyforTypeI diabetes. Itthenreviewsmicrofluidictechnologiesthatcanbeused toaddress thosekey issues, theuniquefeaturesassociatedwitheachmicrofluidicdevice, and theapplicationof each.Additionally,the reviewalsobrieflydiscussesthe design andfabricationprinciples of UICmicrofluidicdevices.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of cytokeratin 18 M30（CK18M30）and M65（CK18M65）, blood lipids and controlled attenuation parameter（CAP）in chronic hepatitis B（CHB）with metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease（MAFLD）. Methods A total of 105 CHB patients concomitant with MAFLD patients were included from April 2019 to April 2020 were. Serum CK18M30, CK18M65 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）; CAP was measured by Fibroscan; and ultrasonography was used to assessed the extent of hepatic steatosis. The index of serum CK18, blood lipids and CAP was analyzed by binary logistic regression, and the diagnostic value of the above indexes for CHB with MAFLD was evaluated by the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve（AUC）. Results ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, FBG, HDL, CK18M30 levels between MAFLD, CHB and CHB with MAFLD groups showed no significant statistical difference（P ＞ 0.05）. Compared to CHB group, the levels of CAP, TC, LDL and BMI were significantly higher in MAFLD and CHB with MAFLD groups（P ＜ 0.05）. CK18M65 level in CHB with MAFLD group was significantly higher than in MAFLD and CHB groups（P ＜ 0.05）. The AUC of CK18M30, CK18M65, CAP, CAP-CK18M65, CAP-CK18M65-TC and CAP-CK18M65-LDL for the diagnosis of CHB with MAFLD were 0.572（0.455 ~ 0.683）, 0.651（0.535 ~ 0.755）, 0.737（0.626 ~ 0.830）, 0.774（0.666 ~ 0.860）, 0.797（0.691 ~ 0.879）and 0.837（0.728 ~ 0.915）, respectively. Among the parameters, the combination of CAP, CK18M65 and LDL had the largest AUC and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 0.811 and 0.719, respectively. Conclusion The combination of CAP, CK18M65 and LDL has a superior diagnostic diagnastic value for CHB with MAFLD. 

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of direct antiviral drugs （DAAs） inhepatitis C virus （HCV） negative recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from HCV IgG （+） / HCVinfected renal allografts. MethodsA total number of 12 patients were enrolled in the Institute of OrganTransplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from 2018to 2023， including 10 patients who were preemptively started DAAs regimen immediately after transplantation， and 2 patients who were therapeutically given DAAs regimen after abnormal liver function anddetectable viral load. All patients had 12-week oral antiviral regimen of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir （SOF/VEL）. Blood transaminase， serum creatinine， eGFR，drug concentration and HCV viral load were regularly reviewed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DAAs. ResultsOne case of treatment failure occurred after the completion ofSOF/VEL therapy in 10 preemptively-treated patients， and the genotype was detected as 3b. The other 9 recipients achieved sustained virological response （SVR）12 weeks after the end of SOF/VEL treatment. After altering the antiviral regimen twice in succession， the patients who failed in the initial treatment ultimately achieved SVR12 with a DAAs combination containing ribavirin （RIB）. Abnormal liver function and high HCV viral load were detected in 2 therapeutically treated patients one month after transplantation， the patients had normalized transaminase once SOF/VEL combination was started and achieved SVR12 eventually. The patients who failed to achieve SVR12 showed persistent abnormal bilirubin during the treatment of DAAs containing ribavirin. The serum creatinine and drug concentration of all patients were stable during the follow-up period. ConclusionIt is safe and effective for HCV uninfected recipients to receive HCV-positive kidney grafts with DAAs prophylactic or therapeutic therapy. For patients infected with subtype 3b HCV and failed in the initial treatment of pan-genotypic DAAs regime， a combination of SOF/VEL/RIB is recommended. 

Objective Maintaining stable concentrations of anti-rejection drugs represents a critical facetof post-kidney transplantation patient care; however，achieving personalized and precise management for each patient remains challenging. This study leverages an artificial intelligence-based deep learning framework to develop a machine learning predictive model for tacrolimus concentration，with the objective of recommending optimal dosing regimens for individual kidney transplant recipients. Methods Fifty kidney transplant recipients who underwentsurgery at the Urology Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital，Capital Medical University，between January 2024 and April 2025，were enrolled in this study. Drawing on prior experience in tacrolimus dosing，we collected data on patients' gender，age，weight，comorbidities，CYP3A5 metabolic phenotypes，initial tacrolimus（Tac）doses，and FK506 levels measured on postoperative days 7，9，11，13，and 15，with subsequent dosage adjustments made according to each concentration measurement. A LightGBM regression model was employed to predict and optimize tacrolimus dosing regimens. Results Among the 50 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this study，none developed severe complications，including delayed recovery of graft function，postoperative infections，or bleedingThe dataset was partitioned into training and validation sets using a five-fold cross-validation approach. The final model demonstrated robust predictive performance in the test set，with a mean absolute error（MAE）of 0.166，root mean square error（RMSE）of 0.227，mean absolute percentage error（MAPE）of 7.035%，P20 of 0.935，P30 of 0.97，and a coefficient of determination（R-squared）of 0.932. Conclusion The LightGBM regression model exhibited excellent performance，providing a novel and effective strategy for personalized tacrolimus dosage adjustment in kidney transplant recipients. 

Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of islet transplantation after failed pancreas transplantation， and to summarize the literature experience. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with islettransplantation after failed pancreas transplantation in the first Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University wereretrospectively analyzed and followed up for 6 months.Results In the 3 patients who received islet transplantation afterfailed pancreas transplantation， the islet function was good after operation， the level of fasting C-peptide was significantly improved compared with that before surgery. All patients stopped using exogenous insulin or reduced the dosage by morethan 2/3， and their blood glucose was stable. Conclusion islet transplantation after failed pancreas transplantation canbe a remedial treatment for diabetes mellitus with high efficacy and safety.