Objective To assess the venous thromboembolism（VTE）three-level management and fourlevel network comprehensive prevention and control system in effectively preventing perioperative venous thrombosis in kidney transplant patients. Methods The case control study was used for cluster sampling. A total number of222 kidney transplant patients operated in 2019 were selected as the experimental group, and 190 kidney transplant patients operated in 2018 were used as the control group. Patients in both groups received kidney transplantation. The VTE routine preventive care measures were used in the control group. The VTE three-level management and fourlevel network comprehensive prevention and control system for VTE risk prevention and management were used in the experimental group. Plasma D-Dimer（DD）levels were monitored at 1 day before surgery as well as 1 d and 7 d after surgery in both groups, and color Doppler ultrasound examination of blood flow in both lower limbs was performed at 1 d and 7 d after surgery. The experimental group was scored by the Caprini 2005 risk assessment model at 1 d before surgery as well as 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after surgery, the corresponding early warning program was adopted. The incidence of VTE, mortality and length of hospital stay were compared between the two groups, and the Caprini2005 risk assessment model score and stratification of the experimental group were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in D-D index between the two groups before surgery and 1 d after surgery（P ＞ 0.05），there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in D-D index at 7 days after surgery（P ＜ 0.05）. The positive venous blood flow in the lower limbs of the control group was significantly higher than the experimental group（P ＜ 0.05）. The control group had significant longer hospital stays than the experimental group（P ＜ 0.05）. No postoperative PTE and death occurred in the two groups of patients. The incidence of VTE in the control group was higher than that in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant（P ＜ 0.05）. Two patients in the experimental group developed calf muscular vein thrombosis（CMVT）at 7 d and 14 d after surgery, and were stratified into high-risk and very high-risk. Conclusion The venous thromboembolism three-level management and four-level network comprehensive prevention and control system can be used to screen the occurrence of VTE in kidney transplant patients during perioperative period, it provides effective intervention measures, which can detect and prevent the occurrence of VTE at an early stage and ensure the safety of patients.