国家自然科学基金（81470979）

Objective Stenosis of the graft arteries may lead to serious complications such as high blood pressure and even loss of the graft. Doppler ultrasonography is a simple and effective method for screening renal artery stenosis. In pediatric renal transplantation，the rate of increased flow velocity of transplanted renal artery was significantly higher than that of adult under Doppler ultrasound. Methods In this paper，we summarized 64 cases of pediatric renal transplantation in our hospital，who showed the increased flow rate of renal artery and were diagnosed of arterial stenosis. We analyzed the relationship between the detection time of the increased flow rate，the maximum flow rate，the increase of blood pressure and creatinine. Results Thirty-five of the 64 pediatric renal grafts had increased arterial flow rate. There were 16 cases with no obvious velocity increase and 19 cases withobvious velocity increase，respectively. There were 12 cases with elevated blood pressure，serum creatinine and other clinical manifestations，while 23 cases had no related clinical manifestations. Balloon dilation was effective in cases of arterial stenosis with clear imaging evidence. Conclusion Increased arterial velocity in renal graft is a common phenomenon in pediatric kidney transplantation. Most of the clinical manifestations，such as hypertension and serum creatinine increase，are only transient，and only a few of them develop artery stenosis.