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Current Issue

2018 6, No.1 Date of publication: 20 January 2018

2018, (1): 9-12. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-5332.2018.01.003

Objective To investigate the clinical features of donor-derived drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and to summarize the experience of clinical treatment. Methods The clinical data of 13 patients with postoperative donor-derived drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection from January 2016 to October 2017 in three kidney transplant centers of Shanghai were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 13 patients,one donor-vascular germiculture was positive,and the graft lavage fluid germicultures of other patients were positive. Five patients who were not treated with avibactam died for widespreadly drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. One patien was cured after combination therapy with ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenems. As soon as cultures of perirenal fluid drainages were found positive in 6 patients,combination therapies of ceftazidimeavibactam and carbapenems were given,and all of them cured. One patient positive in renal arterial culture was treated with ceftazidime-avibactam. After that his drainage fluid culture became negative and the patient aquired a long-term survival. Conclusion The treatment for donor-derived drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenems is an effective and without significant side effects. When the graft lavage fluid culture is positive,this treatment should be given in time to ensure the safety of patients.

Prevention and treatment of the DCD donor-derived infection of Candida albicans in renal transplant recipients

2018, (1): 13-16.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prevention strategies of donor-derived candida albicans infection in transplant patients with renal grafts from donation after citizen's death (DCD). Methods The clinical data of 8 patients,who underwent kidney transplantation between January 2015 and December 2016 with candida albicans detected in their grafts preservation fluids,were retrospectively analyzed. Results One patient was not treated with prophylactic antifungal agents and had a nephrectomy at 2 weeks after renal transplantation due to rupture of the renal artery of graft. The recipient of the contralateral kidney from the same donor was treated with micafungin for 10 days. Still,it was removed 3 weeks after transplantation because of artery anastomotic rupture. After that,routine fungal cultures in peripheral drainage of renal allografts were conducted. Donor derived candida albicans infections were successfully prevent in 5 recipients by micafungin with adequate dosage and time of therapy. This infection was also effectively prevented in 1 patient by amphotericin B liposome followed with voriconazole. Conclusion It is necessary to establish an effective surveillance and control process for recipients whose graft preservation fluid contaminated by candida albicansto avoid serious consequences of grafts caused by fungal infection.

2018, (1): 17-20.

Objective To investigate the effect of donor-derived infections on the recipients with liver transplantation(LT). Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis on the clinical data among 47 donation after cardiac death(DCD)donors from January 2017 to November 2017 in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University. The patients were divided into positive and negative groups according to the culture result of perfusion fluid. Then these culture results of perfusion fluids were analyzed with the culture results of sputum and drainage fluid after LT,in order to show the correlation between patient infection and donor-derived pathogen. Results In 47 patients,sixteen were in positive group,and thirty-one patients in negative group. Nineteen patients suffered from infections after LT,including nine patients with positive results in sputum culture, and twelve patients with positive results in drainage fluid culture. In positive group,sputum cultures of six patients were positive,and results of drainage fluid culture were positive in eight patients. In six patients,pathogens were same in drainage fluids and perfusion fluids. In negative group,three patients were positive insputum culture,four patients were positive in drainage fluid culture. Finally,there was one patient died of multiple organ failure in positivegroup. Other recipients in positive group survived well after anti-infective treatments. The recipients in negative group were all survived well. Conclusion Donor-derived infections had an effect on the infection and prognosis of recipients after LT

2018, (1): 21-24.

Objective To explore the effects of urinary tract infection by drug-resistant bacteria derived from cardiac death donor on renal allograft recipients. Methods The data of 88 donors and recipients renal transplantations between January 2017 and August 2017 in Tianjin First Center Hospital,were analyzed retrospectively. Pathogens in the blood and urine samples of cardiac death donors were examined. The recipient's infection was analyzed. Results A total number of 11 donors developed urine infections owing to multidrugresistant bacteria without bloodstream infections. The predominant organism isolated from the blood of donors was Gram-positive bacteria(55.56%). A total number of 11 recipients received grafts with positive urine culture, 10 recipients had no infection and 1 recipient had urinary tract infection. However,the pathogen was not the bacteria found in the donor urinary tract. No renal recipients developed donor-derived bacterial infections. Conclusion Our findings supported that renal grafts from DCD donors with urinal infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria can be used on condition of that donors and recipients received appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

2018, (1): 25-29.

Objective To analyze factors related to the quality of donor livers donated after cardiac death (DCD). Methods 67 patients who received liver transplantation in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between July 2014 and September 2017 were studied. Donor information,including age,sex,primary disease, treatment time,hypertension,diabetes,smoking,drinking,body mass index(BMI),level of the fatty liver disease, albumin,serum sodium,blood glucose,arterial oxygen pressure(PaO2 ),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),as well as liver function of recipients,including AST,ALT,total bilirubin(TBiL)and direct bilirubin(DBiL),were analyzed by Spearman correlation test. Factors correlated with the dependent variant were selectedand further analyzed by a multiple linear regression analysis. A regression model was establised by influence factors,to evaluate the quality of donor livers. Results Age,hypertension,smoking,and primary disease were significantly associated with TBiL on day 15 after liver transplantation(r = 0.227,2.7,0.338,0.288,all P < 0.05),age and smoking were significantly associated with DBiL on day 15 after liver transplantation(r = 2.78,0.26,both P < 0.05). The Fitting regression models were log10TBiL = 1.732 + 0.006×Age + 0.123×(1 or 0,1 for traumatic brain injury,0 for intracerebral hemorrhage)+ 0.151×(1 or 0,1 for smoking,0 for no smoking),adjusted R2 = 0.224(F = 6.962,P < 0.01)and log10DBiL = 1.795 + 0.011×Age + 0.17×(1 or 0,1 for smoking,0 for no smoking),adjusted R2 = 0.186(F = 8.416,P = 0.001). Conclusion Hypertension,age,smoking,primary disease are the risk factors that affect the postoperative liver function in the early stage of liver transplantation,and the recovery of total bilirubin level after liver transplantation in patients with brain trauma is slower than that of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.

2018, (1): 30-33.

Objective To clear the relationship between perioperative venous blood gas results and prognoses of rabbit kidney transplantation. Methods The rabbit autologous kidney transplantation models were established using a rabbit hypothermic machine perfusion. Results Rabbits were grouped,according to changes of blood gas values. The blood gas values of rabbits in group A were unchanged during perfusion. The pH values of blood samples in group B were decreased during the perfusion(7.40±0.023 vs. 7.05±0.08,P < 0.001). Compared with group A,the BE and HCO3 - values of group B were significantly decreased〔BE :-1.00±1.58 vs. -9.42±1.89, P < 0.001 ;HCO3 - (mmol/L):20.34±1.11 vs. 14.68±1.44,P < 0.05〕. The survival rate of group B was significantly lower than that of group A(62.5% vs. 83.3%,P < 0.05). In group B,the urine outputs were significantly lower after reperfusion(ml/d :116.80±6.55 vs.75.20±6.94,P < 0.05)and the creatinine and urea nitrogen were significantly increased〔creatinine(umol/L):342.00±18.81 vs. 518.00±23.54,P < 0.001 ;urea nitrogen(mmol/L):9.20±2.01 vs. 23.40±3.33,P < 0.05)〕. Conclusion The stability of blood gas in rabbitsduring mechanical perfusion has some correlation with the prognosis of rabbit kidney transplantation. Therefore, during the process of hypothermic machine perfusion,specific managements should be given to maintain the stability of the internal environment of the rabbit.

2018, (1): 34-38.

Objective To study the surgical technique and clinical effect of combined transplantation of abdominal organ cluster(liver,pancreas-duodenum)and kidney for the treatment of posthepatitic cirrhosis combined with uremia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Methods A patient suffered from Hepatitis B cirrhosis, uremia and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus underwent abdominal organ cluster and kidney transplantation in July, 2016. After the patient’s liver was removed, the organ cluster involving liver, pancreas and duodenum was implanted orthotopically. The hepatic vein of liver was anatomosed in classic pattern. The recipient's portal vein was then anastomosed to the side of the donor portal vein above the upper border of donor pancrea. The common hepatic artery and superior mesenteric artery of graft were reconstructedwith branches of an iliac artery and their common trunck was anastomosed to the recipientt's common hepatic artery. The side wall of graft duodenum was anastomosed to of the side wall of native proximal jejunum in manner of Roux-en-Y. The kidney graft was placed in right iliac fossa. Abdominal organ cluster and kidney were from a same donor. A quadruple immunosuppressive regimen including anti-IL-2 receptor antibody(simulect), tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)and steroids was employed to prevent rejection. Results Two weeks after the operation, the liver and kidney functions returned to their normal ranges. Insulin was weaned off 3 weeks after operation, and the blood glucose level remained normal afterthat. Conclusion Combined abdominal organ cluster and kidney transplantation was an effective method to treat end-stage liver disease, uremia and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

2018, (1): 39-44.

Objective To summarize the experience of donor heart evaluation and function maintenance from 37 cases of donation after brain death in our hospital. Methods From January 2013 to June 2017,37 cases of heart donation after brain death were evaluated in cardial surgery department,Tianjin First Center Hospital. Donor hearts were fromorgan donation from organ procurement organization(OPO),and the diagnoses of brain death were based on the China brain death criteria(adult). Results Transplantations were all performed with a double lumen venous anastomosis manner. The cold ischemia time was(45 ~ 370)min,aorta cross-clamping time was(55 ~ 110)min and cardiopulmonary bypass time was(125 ~ 190)min. The operations were successful in 36 patients. A cardiac dysfunction occurred after operation in 1 case whose body weight was 30% less than the donor. The patient recovered after treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO),intra-aortic balloon pump(IABP)and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)1 week later. Conclusion We can improve the utilization of donor hearts andthe long-term survival of heart transplantation recipients by a comprehensive evaluation of the donor and recipient

2018, (1): 45-48.

Objective To investigate the treatment of donor derived carbapene-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infection after liver and kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data including treatment processes of the liver transplantation and renal transplantation recipients who infected by carbopenemresistant Klebsiella pneumonia in the Department of Orthopaedics,Renji Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 2017,a donor derived infection with CRKP was diagnosed definitely in one liver recipient. Though septic shock arisen,the infection was controlled by a combination therapy of antibiotics( Meropenem + Tigecycline + Fosfomycin)for 3 weeks. There was a pair of renal transplant recipients with grafts from the same donor. 1 case showed infection around the transplanted kidney 10 days after surgery. Although the kidney was removed,the patient died eventually. The other patient who had the similar infection around the transplanted kidney 22 days after surgery,was treated with carbapenase inhibitor combined with carbapenem. This patient recovered quickly. Conclusion In terms of postoperative donor derived CRKP infection,the main presentation was septicopyemia in liver transplant recipients,and was relatively easy to control.Renal transplantation recipients has a relative later onset,which was presented as a local infection of transplanted kidney,and more difficult to control. Additionally a combination of carbapenase inhibitor with carbapenem should be considered.