Objective To analyze the causes and characteristics of death of kidney transplant recipients. Methods "Kidney transplantation" "death" and "cause" were searched in the retrieval system of China Biomedical Literature Database，China National Knowledge Network and Wanfang Medical network，and the 15 literatures included were statistically analyzed. Results A total of 18 070 kidney transplant recipients from 1977 to 2018 were included，and 2 286 of them died，with the mortality rate ranging from 2.0% to 35.7%，and the overall mortality rate was 12.6%（2 286/18 070）. The causes of death included 810 cases（35.4%）of infection，787 cases（34.4）of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，344 cases（15.1%）of liver failure，73 cases（3.2%）of gastrointestinal diseases，69 cases（3.0%）of tumor，19 cases（0.8%）of accidental death，10 cases（0.5%）of economic factors，and 174 cases of other causes（7.6%）. Conclusion Infection and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main causes of death in kidney transplant recipients，liver failure was the secondarycause，and gastrointestinal diseases and tumors were the rare causes，and other causes were rare. 

Objective To study the pathomorphological characteristics of extrahepatic portal vein wallthickening in children with biliary atresia, and to investigate the clinical significance and risk factors of the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening. Methods The clinicopathological data of 60 pediatric liver transplant recipients with biliary atresia from Children's Organ Transplantation Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital in June 2022 to December 2022 were analyzed. The pathomorphological changes of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in children with biliary atresia were observed. According to the median thickness of the total wall of extrahepatic portal vein, children with biliary atresia were divided into mild portal vein thickening group and severe portal vein thickeninggroup. The survival time of native liver after Kasai operation was compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wallthickening. Results The wall of extrahepatic portal vein in children with biliary atresia was thickened to varyingdegrees， and the main pathological changes were interstitial edema under vascular endothelial cells， proliferation of fibers and fibroblasts， and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The intimal thickness of extrahepatic portal vein was 110（30 ～ 640）μm. Total wall thickness was 373（160~1320）μm. The ratio of portal vein intima thickness to total portal vein wall thickness was 0.341（0.105 ~ 0.636）. Biliary atresia patients were furhter grouped, total wall hickness ≤ 373 μm was defined as portal vein mild thickening group, total wall thickness ＞ 373 μm was defined as severe portal vein thickening group. The survival time of native liver in severe portal vein thickening group was significantly lowerthan that in mild portal vein thickening group （P ＜ 0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that Kasai operation history and cholangitis history were related factors affecting the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia （P ＜ 0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of cholangitis was an independent risk factor for the degree ofextrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia （odds ratio ＝ 4.000, 95% confidence interval as 1.272 ~ 12.578, P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion Extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in children with biliary atresia was mainly characterized by interstitial edema under vascular endothelial cells, proliferation of fibers and fibroblasts, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia may affect the survival time of native liver after Kasai operation. Prevention and treatment of cholangitis could help to reduce the degree of portal vein wall thickening. 

Objective To summarize the diagnostic methods，clinical manifestations and prevention andtreatment of recurrent human parvovirus B19（HPV-B19）infecton in realansantion recipients. Methods FroJune 2020 to May 2022，8 out of 37 recipients infected with HPV-B19 after renal transplantation at Organ Transplantation Center of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College，Huazhong University of Science and Technology were collected. The clinical manifestations，diagnosis and treatment measures，laboratory tests，and prognosis of these 8 patients were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results After multiple courses of intravenous immunoglobulin G（IVIG），conversion and reduction of immunosuppression and other comprehensive regimens，the anemia symptoms were improved and hemoglobin（Hb）level was stable in 8 patients. And the same treatment was effective when recurrent infections occur. Eight patients were followed up for one year after the last recurrence. There was no recurrence and the Hb level was stable〔（136.8±12.0）g/L〕，and renal function was stable throughout the infectionperiod. Conclusion Post-transplant recipients are susceptible to infection with HPV-B19 due to immunocompromise and are prone to reactive or recur many times. When patients are infected with HPV-B19，the levels of Hb and reticulocyte should be monitored regularly，especially in patients who have recovered from treatment. Once the progressive decline of Hb occurs again，attention should be paid immediately，and HPV-B19 DNA should be further tested by PCR to determine whether there is recurrence. Intravenous IVIG is the preferred treatment for HPV-B19 infection，and when the disease recurs，reapplication remains effective and reinforces the treatment effect. Combined with adjustment of immunosuppressive regimen，reduction of immunosuppression and other comprehensive regimens，the ideal curative effect can be achieved. 

Objective To analyze the long-term results after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation at a single center． Methods A retrospective analysis of the survival rates of 58 recipients and transplanted organsfrom May 2010 to December 2019 was conducted in the Department of Organ Transplantation，923thHospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force．The causes of death and loss of graft function were analyzed.Results Recipient’s survival rates in the 1，3，5 and 8 years were 98.28%，98.28%，92.24% and 89.99%，respectively．The 1，3，5 and 8 year survival rates of pancreas grafts were 86.21%，84.48%，78.40% and 76.16%，and that of kidney grafts were 98.28%，98.28%，82.83% and 80.60%，respectively．The survival rates after bladder drainage（BD）procedure at 1，3，5 and 8 year was 96.15%、96.15%、 86.73% and 86.73% and the survival rates of enteric drainage（ED）procedure was 100%，100%，96.67% and 93.33% （P ＝ 0.187）. Conclusion Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation has a good long-term effect on end-stage diabetic nephropathy. Surgical complications are the main factors affecting the long-term outcomes. ED procedure may have a betterlong-termprognosis. Infection，rejectionand recipient death are also important factors for graft functionloss.

Objective To explore the establishment of standardized samples collection， storage，management and service system with complete facilities and information exchange for blood diseases， so as to achieve the standardized storage of a full range of hematological living cells and related blood components， and to provide resources for clinical research and transformation application. Methods The blood biobank was integrated with collection and processing， quality control， gene analysis and function identification， and has an independent storage area. It also has an integrated information management system connected with clinical diagnosis， treatment data and omics information. Characterized by the preservation of bone marrow living cells for blood diseases， standardized samplecollection， processing， storage and use procedures are established， and regular quality control testing is carried out. A comprehensive sharing mechanism and operational model was established. Results The blood biobank has stored a total of more than 400000 samples of hematological living cells and other related blood components， which has achieved full coverage of samples for all clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease types， and it has established more than 700 strains of disease derived iPSC. Six fresh and frozen samples， were randomly selected，and all of them were qualified， providing sample support for the high-quality scientific research output of the institute. Conclusion Standardized collection，preparation， storage and use of hematologic pathological living cells and related components can be achieved through the whole process control， an upgraded version of physical and virtual integration biobank that integrates biological samples，clinical diagnosis and treatment data， bioinformatics and other biomedical information and resources can be established. 

 Objective The incidence，pathological changes and differential diagnosis of commoncomplications after liver transplantation have been studied，through a retrospective analysis of the pathological dataof 209 liver transplant biopsy tissues from a single center. Methods A total of 209 biopsies were performed in145 patients with liver transplantation from August 2013 to April 2023, at the Organ Transplantation Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University. The liver tissues were fixed with 4% neutral formaldehyde solution， embedded in paraffin and sectioned continuously， routinely HE staining， Masson， D-PAS， reticular fiber histochemical staining， CK7， CMV， C4dimmunohistochemical staining and EBER in situ hybridization were performed. Results Acute T cell-mediated rejection （TCMR） was the most common （36.84%） complication， followed by drug-induced liver injury（DILI）（23.44%） and biliary complications （14.35%）， others include Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus infection or recurrence，ischemia-reperfusion injury， cytomegalovirus infection， chronic rejection， plasma cell-rich rejection， vascular complications， recurrent primary disease， primary graft dysfunction， and difficult-to-diagnose liver morphology. The diagnosis of acute T cell-mediated rejection was based on portal inflammation， bile duct inflammation and venous endothelial inflammation. In 58.44% cases of TCMR， the classic“Triad” of portal area was found. In DILI， there were swelling or ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes around central vein， steatosis with different degrees， cholestasis in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi. Biliary complication was characterized by cholestasis in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi， proliferation of small bile ducts along the interface of the portal tract，and interstitial edema.Conclusion The pathological diagnosis should be made after comprehensive analysisof the clinical manifestation， laboratory examination， imaging data and medication history. 

Objective Establish model of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice and summarize the experience to provide animal model support for further study of organ transplantation immunology. Methods Inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 30）and C57BL/6（n ＝ 30）mice were selected as donors，and inbred BALB/c（n ＝ 60）mice were used as recipients. The ascending aorta of the donor was anastomosed to the abdominal aorta of the recipient，and the pulmonary artery of the donor was anastomosed to the inferior vena cava of the recipient respectively to establish the heterotopic heart transplantation model. The survival time and the rejection of grafts were observed postoperatively. Results The successful rate of transplantation was 85%（51/60）. The donoroperation time was（7.0±1.0）min，and the recipient operation time was（60±10）min. The vascular anastomosis time was（25±3.0）min. After the transplantation，no immunosuppressive agent was used，and the survival time of the graft was（7.6±0.9）d. The graft on the fifth day，the seventh day showed typical rejection by histopathology. Conclusion Skilled microsurgical techniques and timely management of surgical complications are key to the successful establishment of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation in mice. 

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics ofpost-transplantlymphoproliferative disorder （PTLD） in children after liver transplantation， and to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical and pathological data of PTLD patients after liver transplantation were collected from May 2020 to May 2022 in the Pediatric Liver Transplantation Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital. The gender， age， surgical method， postoperative immunosuppression regimen， PTLD treatment regimen， prognosis， clinical manifestations，liver function， plasma EBV-DNA， and imaging examination results were included. Pathological classification and immunohistochemical staining results were analyzed according to WHO classification of lymphoid tissue tumors in 2016. The clinical， pathological and prognostic features of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 8 patients with pathologically diagnosed PTLD after liver transplantation， including 4 males and 4 females， aged 1 ～ 4 years. All the 8 patients had biliary atresia as the primary disease and underwent living donor liver transplantation （LDLT）. In this group，5 cases had lymph node enlargement，5 cases had digestive system symptoms （including abdominal pain，intestinal obstruction， ascites， and abdominal distension），4 cases had liver dysfunction，3 cases had fever， and 1 case had abnormal liver and kidney function. The mean plasma EBV-DNA was 46072copies/ml. The non-destructive， pleomorphic and monomorphic cases accounted for 12.5% （1/8），25% （2/8） and 62.5% （5/8）， respectively. Burkitt lymphoma， diffuselarge B-cell lymphoma and mature T-cell lymphoma accounted for 60% （3/5），20% （1/5） and 20% （1/8） of monomorphic PTLD， respectively. After diagnosis， tacrolimus was tapered or discontinued. Six patients received chemotherapy and2 patients received hemodialysis. Two cases of local space occupying operation was performed. Of the 8 patients，7 caseshad remission and 1 died. Conclusion The early diagnosis of PTLD and the selection of reasonable treatment planaccording to pathological classification can improve the prognosis of patients. Children receiving chemotherapy should be alert to tumolysis syndrome and be given active and effective intervention in time. 

Objective To investigate the main causes of kidney transplantation graft loss，and analyze independent risk factors for loss of graft by chronic rejection. Methods The prognosis of all kidney transplantrecipients from January 2015 to January 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. A total number of 14 recipients with renal graft loss due to chronic rejection were selected as the case group，and 56 recipients corresponding to 28 donors without donor kidney loss were selected as the control group. Clinical data of the two groups of recipients and corresponding donors were retrospectively analyzed，and logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results Inthe past 8 years，147 cases experienced renal graft loss，including 67 cases of renal graft dysfunction and 80 cases of death. The top three causes of renal graft dysfunction were chronic rejection，vascular embolism and relapse of nephropathy. The top three causes of death in transplant patients were infection，cardiovascular accidents and digestive complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in donor age between the case group and the control group（P ＝ 0.012）. Conclusion In our center， chronic rejection was the main cause of renal graft failure. The leading causes of death in kidney transplant patients are infection and cardiovascular problems. Age of the donors is the independent risk factor for renal graft loss bychronic rejection. 

Objective To assessthe risk factorsfor early thrombosis after pancreatic transplantation. Methods We selected 46 recipients of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation（SPK）from donation after brain death（DBD） donors in the 923 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Joint Support Force from January 2015 to August 2019， and 30 SPK recipients of DBD donors in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from November 2019 to July 2023 were collected. They were divided into thrombotic group and non thrombotic group based on whether thrombosis had occurred. A retrospective study was conducted on two groups of recipients to evaluate the ch

aracteristics of donors and recipients and the risk factors for early thrombosis after pancreatic transplantation. Results The age of the donor and recipient was not significantly related to pancreatic thrombosis（P ＞ 0.05）. The recipient body mass index（BMI）was closely related to the formation of transplanted pancreatic thrombosis（P ＝ 0.01）.The choice ofdrainage method for pancreatic exocrine fluid had little effect on transplanted pancreatic thrombosis（P ＝ 0.49）. The

use of arteries or veins to extend the donor pancreatic vein was associated with thrombosis after pancreatic transplantation （P ＝ 0.02）. The incidence of thrombosis in recipients who received heparin and received sequential aspirin was lower than those who received aspirin alone（P ＝ 0.04）. The change of donor amylase was a risk factor for pancreatic graft thrombosis（P ＝ 0.04）. The change of D-dimer（D-D）on the 7th day after surgery in the recipient suggested the formation of transplanted pancreatic thrombosis. Conclusion The recipient's BMI，arterial or venous extension of the donor pancreatic vein，use of heparin，and changes in donor amylase are risk factors for early thrombosis after pancreatic transplantation. 

Objective To investigate non-HLA antibodies characteristics and its relationship with graft pathology after renal transplantation. Methods Non-HLA antibody data of 444 recipients after renal transplantation from 2016 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed， the recipients were divided into rejection group （47 cases）， nonrejection group （61 cases）， and stable renal function group （336 cases） according to the pathological diagnosis of grafts. GraphPad Prism 9.0 was used to analyze the characteristics of non-HLA antibodies after kidney transplantation， the correlation between non-HLA antibodies and HLA antibodies， and the relationship between non-HLA antibodies and thepathological state of the renal allograft. Results Among the 444 recipients，310 cases （69.8%） were positive for nonHLA antibodies， which was positively correlated with HLA antibodies （r ＝ 0.606，P ＜ 0.001）. The median of MFIvalue and the median multiple of the threshold value of non-HLA antibodies in recipients with positive HLA antibodies was higher than that in recipients with negative HLA antibodies post-transplant. There were differences in common nonHLA antibodies among rejection group， non-rejection group and renal function stable group. Non-HLA antibodies were positively correlated with chronic glomerulopathy （r ＝ 0.186，P ＝ 0.033） and interstitial fibrosis （r ＝ 0.265，P ＝ 0.002）. Receiver operating characteristic curve （ROC） analysis showed that non-HLA antibodies were highly predictive of allograft arteritis （AUC ＝ 0.771）and chronic nephropathy （AUC ＝ 0.741）， but were not good at predicting rejection （AUC ＝0.605）. ConclusionThe positive rate of non-HLA antibodies was higher after renal transplantation. The common non-HLA antibodies in recipients with rejection， non-rejection and stable renal allograft function are different. Non-HLAantibodies are closely related to the chronic disease of graft kidney， and their predictive value for graft arteritis and chronic graft nephropathy is higher than that for rejection. 

 Objective To elucidate the relationship between preoperative immunotherapy，the abundance of tertiary lymphoid structures（TLS）in hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）tissues，and to evaluate patient prognosis following liver transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 149 liver transplant patients with liver cancer at Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from January 2018 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological slides of each patient were scored for TLS. Patients were categorized into four groups based on downstaging treatment outcomes ：those initially meeting the Milan criteria（n ＝ 35），those exceeding the Milan criteria without downstaging treatment（n ＝ 38），successful downstaging cases（n ＝ 33），and unsuccessful downstaging cases （n ＝ 43）. Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test were employed for survival analysis. The correlation betweenimmunotherapy and TLS abundance was assessed using non-parametric statistical methods. Results Survival analysis of the overall cohort revealed that patients with high intratumoral TLS abundance had significantly higher recurrence-free survival（RFS）than those with low TLS abundance（P ＜ 0.05）. Among patients receiving downstaging treatment，the recurrence risk in the successful downstaging group was significantly lower than in the unsuccessful group（P ＜ 0.05）. Non-parametric testing of the successful downstaging group demonstrated that preoperative immunotherapy significantly increased intratumoral TLS abundance（P ＜ 0.05）. Similarly，nonparametric testing of all patients receiving immunotherapy showed a statistically significant increase in intratumoral TLS abundance in the successful downstaging group（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Successful downstaging withpreoperative immunotherapy improves the prognosis of HCC patients undergoing liver transplantation，potentially by enhancing intratumoral TLS abundance. 

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of combining haploidentical donor blood and cord bloodstem cell transplantation （Haplo-cord HSCT） with haploidentical stem cell transplantation （Haplo-HSCT） inthe treatment of severe aplastic anemia （SAA） in children. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on38 cases of SAA who underwent haplo-HSCT in Department of Hematology and Oncology of Shanghai Children’s Hospitalfrom May 2017 to February 2023. A total number of 21 children with SAA received Haplo-Cord HSCT， while 17 childrenreceived Haplo-SCT. The regimen used myeloablative conditioning （fludarabine， busulfan， cyclophosphamide and rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin）. ResultsNo primary graft failure （PGF） occurred in any of the 21 patients in Haplocord cohort， and one patient developed PGF in the Haplo cohort. Two patients in Haplo-cord cohort and one patient inHaplo cohort developed Secondary graft failure，respectively. The median time for engraftment for granulocytes in the Haplo core group and Haplo group were 12（10，19） d and 11（10，16） d, respectively（P ＝ 0.630）. While the median time for platelet implantation in these groups were 16（12，32） and 16（13，24）d, respectively（P ＝ 0.461）. Patients who underwent an Haplo-cord HSCT had a lower cumulative incidence of Grade Ⅱ to Ⅳ aGVHD compared with the Haplo HSCT cohort 〔（23.8±9.3）% vs. 25±10.8）%，P ＝ 0.770）〕， they also had lower cumulative incidence of Grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ aGVHD comparedto the Haplo cohort 〔（9.5±6.4）% vs.（18.7±9.8）%，P ＝ 0.374）〕. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was （14.3±7.6）% in Haplo-cord cohort and was（33±12.2）% in Haplo cohort（P ＝ 0.226）. The 3-year overall， failure-free， and GVHD failure-free （GFFS） survival rates in Haplo-cord cohort and Haplo cohort were 〔（95.2±4.6）% vs.（85.6±9.7）%， P ＝ 0.405）〕，〔（83.5±8.9）% vs.（82.4±9.2）%，P ＝ 0.642）〕 and 〔（81±8.6）% vs.（52.9±12.1）%，P ＝ 0.046）〕，respectively. We found that cord blood with a high degree of HLA matching and high CD34+ cell counts achieved high GFFS. PCR analyses of short tandem repeats （STR） showed persistent and sustained full haplo donor myeloid chimaerism， withoutany evidence of umbilical cord blood engraftment. We found that Haplo-cord HSCT in children with SAA achieved higher GFFS. Conclusion Haplo-HSCT is an effective treatment for children with SAA， with a high engraftment rate. The coinfusion of an UCB may improve survival of Haplo-HSCT in SAA patients. 

Objective To investigate the effects of outpatient nursing interventions on blood glucose levelsin patients with simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Methods A total number of 28 patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in the Department of Urology，8th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were divided into an observation group and a control group，with 14 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing care and health education during outpatient follow-up，while the observation group received outpatient nursing intervention.After 6 months，the dietary compliance，exercise habits，adherence to lifestyle changes，disease knowledge，and blood glucose control level were evaluated in both groups. The satisfaction with nursing services was also compared between the two groups. Results The observation group showed better dietary compliance，exercise habits，adherence to lifestyle changes，and disease knowledge compared to the control group. Additionally，the blood glucose levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The patients in the observation group expressed higher satisfaction with nursing services compared to the control group. These differences were statistically significant （all P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Outpatient nursing intervention can effectively improve blood glucose levels in patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. It also enhances patients' self-care abilities，adherence to medical recommendations，and satisfaction with nursing services. Therefore，outpatient nursing intervention is worthy of clinical promotion and application. 

Objective To analyze the recovery of renal function after kidney transplantationfrom different donors，to explore the difference of short-term effect between donation after cardiac death （DCD）and living-donor（LD）， and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of DCD kidney transplantation and make better use of DCD donor. Methods Participants who underwent kidney transplantation in Organ Transplantation Center，the Department of Urology，Linyi people’s Hospital from December 2017 to January 2023 were selected. According to the source of donors，they were divided into DCD group and LD group.Then the demographic distribution between the two groups was analyzed，and the serum creatinine（Scr）and postoperative complications of the two groups at different time were compared. Results A total number of 70 patients were enrolled，including 50 patients with DCD and 20 patients with LD. Within two weeks after operation，the Scr level decreased to below 200 μmol/L，but the Scr level in DCD group was higher than LD group on day 1 ～ 7 and 9 after operation，the difference was statistically significant（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion The effect of DCD renal transplantation is accurate，but there is a certain difference between the short-term renal function recovery after operation compared with LD donor kidney，therefore，preoperative evaluation should be strengthened. 

Objective To explore the risk factors related to delayed graft function （DGF） after kidney transplantation using machine learning algorithms and to establish a predictive model. Methods Clinical data of kidney transplant donors and recipients and pathological data of donor kidney biopsy from January 2018 to December 2020 at the Institute of Organ Transplantation of Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College， Huazhong University of Science and Technology were collected. The contribution of factors related to DGF were calculated through greedy algorithm，and logistic regression predict model were fitted using the reduced data set. Performance of the models is assessed by accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUROC）. Results The observed incidence of DGF was 21.9%. Risk factors that were highly correlated with DGF include donor body type， blood urea nitrogen， cold ischemia time， extent of artery lesions， as well as tubular atrophy score（ct） and interstitial fibrosisscores （ci）. The prediction model was established using the above tested factors，the AUROC of the predict model was 0.71， and the prediction accuracy was 0.73. Conclusion Machine learning algorithms can be used to analyze the risk factors of DGF occurrence and establish predictive models. 

肾移植 ； 肺部感染 ； 宏基因二代测序 ； 治疗经验

Objective There is an increased risk of tuberculosis infection after kidney transplantation， but tuberculous abscess after kidney transplantation is rarely reported. This article will discuss the clinical diagnosis andtreatment of tuberculous abscess after kidney transplantation and the causes of delayed diagnosis. Methods A total of 2173 patients who underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2015 to January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 40 patients were diagnosed with tuberculosis post renal transplant， including 3 patients with tuberculous abscess. The clinical manifestations， diagnosis，treatment and prognosis of patients with tuberculous abscess were observed and analyzed. Results The mean time from kidney transplantation to the onset of the disease in 3 patients with tuberculous abscess was 15 months. The mean time from the onset to the start of antituberculosis therapy was 35.7 d and the mean time from onset to etiological diagnosis was 86.3 d. The anti-tuberculous and drainage treatment were effective. And serum creatinine had no significant change compared with that before treatment. Conclusion For patients with abscess after kidney transplantation， it is necessary to keep alert of the possibility of tuberculous infection. Especially for patients whose symptoms do not improve after conventional treatment，it is necessary to collect samples for etiological and molecular biological examination as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis. For this kind of patients， the prognosis is favorable after regular anti-tuberculosis and drainage therapy at the same time. 

Objective To summarize the experience in the treatment of antibody mediated rejection（AMR）after kidney transplantation. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on kidney transplant recipients who was diagnosed as AMR by biopsy in the Third Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from 2018 to 2021. Regular follow-up and prognosis were analyzed after treatment. The survival time of the graft between different time of rejection after transplantation，pathological type，DSA type，and number of kidney transplants were compared，and factors that may affect prognosis were preliminarily screened. Results The results showed that 14 recipients were diagnosed with AMR. After combination therapy of plasma exchange，lymphocyte depleting antibody and immunoglobulin treatment，the overall 1-year graft survival rate was 78.6%，and the 5-year survival rate was 43%. Within 6 months after treatment，3 cases with infection required hospitalization，including 1 case of cutaneous herpes zoster infection，1 case of urinary tract infection，and 1 case of diarrhea. There were nolife-threatening or graft loss case directly related to infection. Conclusion A combination treatment based on plasma exchange can achieve some effects in the treatment of antibody mediated rejection after kidney transplantation. Further research is needed on the optimization of protocols for different types of rejection.