Objective To summarize the therapeutic efficacy of liver transplantation in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma（ICC）and to analyze the prognostic risk factors. Methods The clinicopathological data of 46 pathological confirmed ICC patients who underwent liver transplantation in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from April 2001 to February 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival and recurrence of the patients were followed up. Kaplan Meier method was employed to analyze the overall survival（OS）rate and relapse-free survival（RFS） rate of patients，and Cox regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors affecting the prognosis. ResultsThe median overall survival time of patients with ICC after liver transplantation was 19 months，and the 1，3，5-year OS rates were 64.4%，30.2%，20.7%，respectively. The median RFS time was 10 months，and the 1，3 and 5-year RFS rates were 45.8%，20.8%，10.4%，respectively. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that the level of preoperative carbohydrate antigen19-9（CA19-9）（P ＝ 0.026）was an independent risk factor for the overall survival time of patients，and local extrahepatic structures due to direct ICC invasion（P ＝ 0.019）was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion The prognosis of liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is poor. The high level of preoperative CA19-9 is an independent risk factor for short postoperative survival of recipients，and direct tumor invasion of extrahepatic tissues is an independent risk factor for high recurrence rate after liver transplantation. 

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of T lymphocyte polyclonal antibody in deceased donor （DD）kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 324 renal transplant recipients who met the research criteria from August 20，2015 to February 28，2020 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into two groups. A total number of 147 patients were treated with rabbit anti humanthymocyte immunoglobulin（rATG）（group A）. 177 patients were treated with anti human T lymphocyte rabbit immunoglobulin （ATG-Fresenius）（group B）. The acute rejection （AR）， delayed graft function （DGF），lung infection， bone marrow suppression and cytomegalovirus （CMV） infection were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of AR in group A and group B was 32.65% and 16.94% respectively （P ＜ 0.05）. There were 17 cases of AR in group A（17/48）and 23 cases in group B（23/30）within one month after operation（χ2 ＝ 12.573 7，P ＜ 0.01）. The incidence of AR in group A was lower than that in group B （P ＜ 0.01）. Theincidence of DGF was 25.17% （37/147）in group A and 12.42% （22/177）in group B （P ＜ 0.01）. Thirty days after operation，the incidence of DGF in group A was lower than that in group B（P ＜ 0.01）.There was no significant difference in the adverse events of bone marrow suppression，pulmonary infection andCMV infection（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion In our hospital，both rATG and ATG-F can be safely and effectively used in the induction and postoperative treatment of DD renal transplantation. The rATG has a better performance in correcting the DGF and reducing the incidence of AR in DD kidney transplantation.

Objective Preliminary study on the repair effect of normothermic mechine perfusion（NMP）on acute kidney injury（AKI）of kidneys from cardiac death donors. Methods In vitro continuousNMP was used for cardiac-death pig kidneys . The blood gas biochemical indexes of the perfusion fluid and urine as well as the kidney pathological indexes during perfusion were recorded and analyzed. Results Ten pig kidneys were perfused with NMP in this study，of which 9 were perfused with single kidney，and 1 was perfused combined with liver. After the perfusion started，the kidneys were filled quickly and the surface tension was rich. About 5 min after the perfusion，the kidneys became bright red. The urine output of the kidneys increased at the initial stage of perfusion，reached the extreme value at（3.2±1.5）h on average after perfusion，and then decreased slowly. About 6 h later，the appearance of the kidneys turned dull color. The cross-section of the kidneys showed obvious hemorrhage in the renal pelvis and calyx，and the renal cortex and medulla were slightly bloody with soft and loose appearance. The normal perfusion flow rate increased gradually，reached peak after 2 ~ 3 hours of perfusion，and then maintained at a stable level. PaO2 was basically maintained in the range of 350 ~ 450 mmHg（1 mmHg ＝ 0.133 kPa）；PaCO2 varied greatly among the groups，mostly fluctuating at 15 ~ 60 mmHg，while each of perfusion individuals maintained a relatively stable level. The Na+ concentration fluctuated slightly in the early process of perfusion，and reached a stable level after about 3 ~ 4 h and was close to the normal value range. The K+ and Ca2+ concentrations were fluctuated within the physiological range. The lactic acid level of single-kidney perfusion increased progressively，while the lactic acid level of kidney-liver combined perfusion gradually decreased and then stabilized at a low level. The cross-section of the kidneys showed no obvious bleeding in the renal pelvis and calyx after 9 h of liver-kidney combined perfusion，and the renal cortex and medulla were bloodless and normal in appearance. The H&E pathological results showed that the damage of the globules and tubules gradually and slowly increased during the perfusion process，which suggested that the Normothermic Mechine Perfusion might delay the progress of the globular and tubule damage. Conclusion NMP can provide an environment close to the physiological state for isolated kidneys，and may have a certain repair effect on AKI. Therefore，NMP is expected to expand the source of donor kidneys and increase the rate of kidney transplantationin patients with end-stage renal disease for better prognosis and quality of life. In addition，liver-kidney combinedperfusion had better renal appearance and lactic acid levels than single-kidney perfusion，but no advantage in perfusion time，urine output，and pathological results. Above conclusions need to be supported by further large sample research.

Objective The addition of insulin therapy to transient expression of the transcription factor（pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene1，PDX-1） may enable islet regeneration in the pancreas of diabetic mice. Methods Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6J mice（BG ＞ 16.7 mmol/L） by streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection（200 mg/kg）. Gene transfer was then performed by intra-pancreatic injection of an adenoviral vector （1×109 pfu）encoded witheither PDX-1（Ad-PDX-1） or LacZ （Ad-LacZ） control， followed by daily insulin administration. Body weight， blood glucose，and pancreas histology were monitored. Results Our results showed that insulin administration gradually decreased blood glucose level in Ad-Pdx1 group， which became euglycemic （BG ＜ 11.1 mmol/L） and insulin-independent in about two to three weeks. Without insulin， however, no obvious effect was observed. The animals in the Ad-LacZ control group （with or without insulin therapy）remained hyperglycemic throughout the 30 days study course. Histological analysis showed that newly formed islets consisting solely of insulin-producing cells were induced in the pancreas of the mice treated with both insulin and Ad-PDX-1, while no or very few insulin positive cells were observed in control. Conclusion Transient expression of PDX-1 combined with insulin treatment effectively induced the regeneration of functional islet β cells in the pancreas of the diabetic mice， forming new islet and reversing diabetes. This approach may prove to be a novel strategy for the treatment of diabetes.

Objective To study the therapeutic effect of avatrombopag on severe thrombocytopenia（TCP）in patients waiting for liver transplantation. Methods This study was conducted by analyzing the clinical data of67 patients waiting for liver transplantation with severe TCP in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Universityfrom February 2021 to October 2022. The general information of patients and their platelet count before and afteravatrombopag treatment were collected in this study. Patients were divided into two groups for further analysisaccording to whether recombinant human thrombopoietin（rhTPO）was used at same time. Platelet count no less than 50×109 /L after treatment of avatrombopag was considered as effective response. Results The platelet count of67 patients waiting for liver transplantation with severe TCP was significantly elevated after using avatrombopag（P＝ 0.001）. Moreover，the platelet counts of 89.55%（60/67）patients were higher than 50×109 /L and there was no significant difference in the effective rate between different thrombocytopenia groups（P ＝ 0.373）. Furtheranalysis showed that combined therapy group（avatrombopag and rhTPO）acquired significant higher platelet count than monotherapy group（P ＝ 0.002）with similar basal count level before treatment（P＝ 0.064）. Furthermore，the percentage of patients whose platelet counts were more than 50×109 /L had no significant difference（P ＝ 0.228）between avatrombopag group 85.00%（34/40）and combined group 96.30%（26/27）. Conclusion Avatrombopag could increase the platelet level in severe TCP patients waiting for liver transplantation. Avatrombopag combined with rhTPO may have better therapeutic effect. 

Objective To study the pathomorphological characteristics of extrahepatic portal vein wallthickening in children with biliary atresia, and to investigate the clinical significance and risk factors of the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening. Methods The clinicopathological data of 60 pediatric liver transplant recipients with biliary atresia from Children's Organ Transplantation Department of Tianjin First Central Hospital in June 2022 to December 2022 were analyzed. The pathomorphological changes of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in children with biliary atresia were observed. According to the median thickness of the total wall of extrahepatic portal vein, children with biliary atresia were divided into mild portal vein thickening group and severe portal vein thickeninggroup. The survival time of native liver after Kasai operation was compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wallthickening. Results The wall of extrahepatic portal vein in children with biliary atresia was thickened to varyingdegrees， and the main pathological changes were interstitial edema under vascular endothelial cells， proliferation of fibers and fibroblasts， and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The intimal thickness of extrahepatic portal vein was 110（30 ～ 640）μm. Total wall thickness was 373（160~1320）μm. The ratio of portal vein intima thickness to total portal vein wall thickness was 0.341（0.105 ~ 0.636）. Biliary atresia patients were furhter grouped, total wall hickness ≤ 373 μm was defined as portal vein mild thickening group, total wall thickness ＞ 373 μm was defined as severe portal vein thickening group. The survival time of native liver in severe portal vein thickening group was significantly lowerthan that in mild portal vein thickening group （P ＜ 0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that Kasai operation history and cholangitis history were related factors affecting the degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia （P ＜ 0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of cholangitis was an independent risk factor for the degree ofextrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia （odds ratio ＝ 4.000, 95% confidence interval as 1.272 ~ 12.578, P ＜ 0.05）.Conclusion Extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in children with biliary atresia was mainly characterized by interstitial edema under vascular endothelial cells, proliferation of fibers and fibroblasts, and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. The degree of extrahepatic portal vein wall thickening in biliary atresia may affect the survival time of native liver after Kasai operation. Prevention and treatment of cholangitis could help to reduce the degree of portal vein wall thickening. 

Objective In order to explore the influence of liver regeneration on tumor recurrence after partial hepatectomy as well as the possible mechanisms. Methods Portal vein injection of 256 tumor cells suspension after partial hepatectomy was performed to simulate the tumor recurrence and metastasis . The animals were divided into three groups（H0 group， H30 group and H70 group）according to different proportion of hepatectomy. The rate of tumor recurrence， change in body weight， tumor-bearing graft weight， tumor-bearing graft to body weight ratio were comparedamong three groups after three weeks. Meanwhile， the accumulate abundance of protein CAPNS-1 and the PCNA index were utilized to judge the tumor invasiveness. Western Blot and RT-PCR analyses were applied respectively to assess the abundance of protein c-met， VEGFR-2 and mRNA. Moreover， the relation between the tumor invasiveness and the abundance of c-met，VEGFR-2 were explored. Results All rats in H70， H30 and H0 groups were alive after 3 weeks with metastatic tumor lesions in their livers. The extent of increase or decrease in general indexes， such as body weight，tumor-bearing graft weight and tumor-bearing graft to body weight ratio， were obviously in group H70. And the tumors in rats of group H70 revealed upper invasiveness and malignant potential. In addition， the H70 group displayed diffuse distribution of tumors. The level of CAPNS-1 expression and the PCNA index were evaluated in H70. The largest resection was also associated with significant up-regulation of c-met， VEGFR-2 protein and mRNA expression. Furthermore， there was a significantly correlation between the level of VEGFR-2， c-met and the change in general indexes， and the level of CAPNS-1 protein expression. Conclusion This research reveals that liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy not only can accelerate the malignant transformation， but also can promote tumor growth. 

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Methods CNKI， Wanfang Data，VIP，PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library were searched for Chinese and English articles published up before December 2020. Secondaryscreening，quality assessment and data extraction were performed，and then RevMan 5.3 were used for meta- analysis. Results A total of 10 articles with 1 152 patients were included. The results showed that compared with steroid immunosuppression regimen without basiliximab，the basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppression regimen could effectively decrease the incidence of postoperative acute rejections（OR＝0.68，95％CI＝0.48～0.98，P ＝ 0.04），total infection rate（OR ＝ 0.44，95％ CI ＝ 0.32 ～ 0.62，P ＜ 0.001），de novo diabetes rate（OR ＝ 0.11，95％ CI ＝ 0.55 ～ 0.26，P ＜ 0.001），recurrence and metastasis rate of liver cancer within one year（OR ＝ 0.29， 95％ CI ＝ 0.16 ～ 0.55，P ＜ 0.001），hepatitis B recurrence rate（OR ＝ 0.24，95％ CI ＝ 0.08 ～ 0.76，P ＝ 0.02），and the incidence of new-onset hypertension in non-Asian liver transplant（OR ＝ 0.22，95％ CI ＝ 0.08 ～ 0.65，P ＝ 0.006）. It could effectively improve the postoperative survival rate of patients （HR ＝ 0.48，95％ CI ＝ 0.36 ～ 0.64，P ＜ 0.001）. Conclusion Based on the available data in the published literature， basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen after liver transplantation is more effective and has lower related complications than the conventional steroid combination regimen. 

Objective To investigate the associated risk factors affecting the development ofposttransplantation diabetes mellitus （PTDM） and to analyze the effect of PTDM on patient outcomes. Methods We selected patients who underwent liver transplantation from DCD donors at the hepatobiliary center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2015 and September 2020. The patients were divided into PTDM and non PTDM groups， and the baseline characteristics， intraoperative information and postoperative complications werecompared between the two groups. A competing risk model was used to identify relevant risk factors affecting the occurrence of PTDM， and Cox regression was used to analyze the effect of PTDM on patient outcomes. Results The incidence of diabetes at 1，3 and 5 years after liver transplantation was 13.3%，16.9%，27.0%， respectively. There were statistically significant differences in patient age， length of postoperative hospital stay， and immune rejection between groups. Afteraccounting for death as a competing risk event，every 10-year increase in age was associated with a 45% increased risk of developing PTDM （SHR ＝ 1.45，95% CI ＝ 1.17 ～ 1.80）； The risk of PTDM in patients with immune rejection was 2.06 times higher than that in patients without immune rejection （95% CI ＝ 1.00 ～ 4.24）； Patients hospitalized for more than one month postoperatively had a 62% increased risk of developing PTDM （SHR ＝ 1.62，95% CI ＝ 1.01 ～ 2.59）. The risk of late infectious complications in PTDM patients was 2.48 times higher than non PTDM patients （95% CI ＝1.22 ～ 5.04）； Whereas the incidence of late biliary complications was not statistically different between the two groups （RR＝ 1.58，95% CI＝ 0.77～ 3.26）. After controlling for disease diagnosis， patients in the PTDM group had a 1.73-fold （95% CI ＝ 1.07 ～ 2.77） higher risk of death than non PTDM patients. Conclusion The incidence of PTDM is associated with patient age， immune rejection， and long postoperative hospitalization， and the overall survival of PTDM patients is poor， with a rising risk of late postoperative infection. After transplantation， blood glucose should be screened early to prevent PTDM， in the hope of reducing the occurrence of PTDM and improving patient outcomes.

Objective Through the diagnosis and treatment process of 3 patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders（PTLD），the etiology，clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment measures of PTLD after kidney transplantation were discussed. Methods A retrospective analysis of 3 patients with PTLD diagnosed and treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2022 was performed. Results All patients had received three-drug-immunosuppression after transplantation，and the duration between renal transplantation and diagnosis of PTLD was 5 months，6 months，and 120 months，respectively. All patients had symptoms of compression at the corresponding location caused by enlarged regional lymph nodes. Upon diagnosis，the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs was reduced，supplemented with rituximab or chemotherapy. Clinical complete remission was achieved in one case，and the lesion of the remaining patients was significantly reduced. Conclusion PTLD is one of the rare complications after kidney transplantation，with poor prognosis and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Lymph node enlargement is one of the typical manifestations of this disease. Early imaging and histopathological examinations are ideal for a definite diagnosis and early adjustment. The combination of immunosuppressive dose adjustment，application of rituximab and chemotherapy as well as othermeasures can improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of patients. 

 Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations， diagnosis and treatment strategies ofpulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis （MTB） infection after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of7 patients who underwent liver transplantation in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2021 and complicated with postoperative pulmonary MTB infection were collected， their clinical manifestations， imaging features， diagnosis and treatment methods， and treatment outcomes were analyzed. Results The time of MTBinfection after liver transplantation was 2.5 ～ 48 months， with a median time of 12 months， the infection sites were all in the lungs. Among the 7 cases，5 cases had no obvious clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis （71.4%）， and 3 caseshad imaging findings of typical MTB infection on lung CT （42.9%）. Tuberculosis （TB） specific antigen was detected in 5 cases （71.4%）， MTB culture was positive in 3 cases （sputum，14.3% ； alveolar lavage fluid in 2 cases，28.6%）， and MTB nucleic acid test was positive in 2 cases （28.6%）. The anti-TB treatment strategies of the 7 patients included HRZE regimen in 1 case，1 case had isoniazid monotherapy，1 case had levofloxacin + isoniazid + ethambutol regimen， 1 case had moxifloxacin + linezolid +ethambutol + isoniazid regimen，2 cases had moxifloxacin + linezolid regimen， and1 case received rifapentine + isoniazid regimen. At follow-up from 2 to 19 months，2 patients died more than 3 months after liver transplantation，3 patients were cured of pulmonary MTB infection， and 2 patients were still receiving anti-TB treatment. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of pulmonary MTB infection after liver transplantation are often atypical and difficult to diagnose， the delayed treatment may lead to poor prognosis. Clinicians should fully recognize this disease， screen and treat it as soon as possible.

Objective To analyze the correlation between pneumocystis pneumonia infection and cellular immune function. Methods From April 2019 to March 2020, 134 patients with renal transplantation in our department were diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia, 54 of them were diagnosed as pneumocystis pneumonia.The number of CD4 cells was detected to reflect the cellular immune function of patients. The correlation between the incidence rate of pneumocystis pneumonia and cellular immune function was analyzed. Then the CD4 cell count was divided into three groups. The t-test was used to analyze the related indexes of the hospitalization days, the number of oxygen inhalation days, the number of days of pulmonary inflammatory absorption, and so on, and to explore the relationship between CD4 cell count and the prognosis of pneumocystis pneumonia and the prognosis of every two groups. Results Among 134 cases, 53 patients were infected with pneumocystis pneumonia. The prevalence rates of the three groups were 0.237, 0.720 and 0.813，respectively.  According to the grouping, the time of hospitalization,the time of oxygen inhalation and the time of focus absorption were analyzed by t-test. The P values were 0.667, 0.517,0.779, 0.335, 0.863, 0.150, 0.404, 0.139 and 0.405 respectively. The results showed that there was no statistical difference. Conclusion The incidence rate of pneumocystis pneumonia in renal transplant recipients increased withthe decrease of CD4 cell count, but CD4 cell count was not significantly associated with disease prognosis.

Objective To investigate the experience of the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal perforation after liver transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms， laboratory data， imaging data， treatment methods and prognosis of 20 intestinal perforation patients after liver transplantation admitted at Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2016 to August 2022.Results The incidence of intestinal perforation in liver transplant recipients was 2.8% （18/642） in children and 0.4% （2/487） in adults. Among 18 pediatric recipients， the median time of onset was 13.5（3.0 ～ 404.0） days after liver transplantation. The onset time of the adult recipients was2 to 16 days after liver transplantation. The main clinical manifestations of intestinal perforation were fever， abdominal distension and pain. Some patients developed diarrhea and vomiting. Plain abdominal radiographs in a vertical position were performed in 7 recipients. Subdiaphragmatic and intra-abdominal free air was observed in 4 recipients. Two recipients underwent gastrointestinal angiography， which showed contrast media extravasation. 70% （14/20） of recipients were positive for bacterial culture. 95% （19/20） recipients underwent exploratory laparotomy. Conservative treatment was performedin an adult patient. Two pediatric recipients died of severe infection. Conclusion Intestinal perforation after liver transplantation can lead to the occurrence and aggravation of infection. The use of hormones and immunosuppressants increases the risk of infection. Monitoring the drainage fluid properties and bacterial culture， timely adjusting theanti-infective drug regimen， and performing exploratory laparotomy and intestinal repair are important means to treatintestinal perforation in recipients after transplantation. 

Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative B-ultrasound-leaded transversus abdominisplane block（TAPB）or erector spinae plane block（ESPB）combining with patient controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA）on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Methods Forty-five patients with modified piggy-back orthotopic livertransplantation were selected. The aged was 18 ～ 64 years old. The body mass index was 18 ～ 24 kg/m2，and the ASA grade was Ⅲ～Ⅴ . They were divided into 3 groups（n ＝ 15）：preoperative TAPB group，preoperative ESPB group and regular PCIA group（C group）. In the TAPB group，after the induction of general anesthesia，ultrasound-guided two-step TAPB was performed under the bilateral costal approach. Each point was injected with a mixture drug 15 ml（0.33% ropivacaine 30 ml + dexamethasone 5 mg）. In the ESPB group，after the induction of general anesthesia，ultrasound-guided bilateral TAPB was performed in T7. Each point was injected with a mixture drug 30 ml（0.33% ropivacaine 30 ml + dexamethasone 5 mg）. Group C was a conventional general anesthesia group，no nerve block was performed. Sufentanil 2 μg/kg PCIA was used in every groups，and the visual analog scale score（VAS）was maintained ≤ 3 within 48 h after operation. Sufentanil 5 μg was intravenously injected as rescue analgesic. The intraoperative consumption of remifentanil and the requirement for sufentanil as rescue analgesic were recorded. The extubation time after operation and development of nausea，vomiting，itching and respiratory depression were recorded within 48 h after surgery. Results Compared with group C，the consumption of remifentanil and the requirement of sufentanil as rescue analgesic within 48 h after operation were both decreased in TAPB and ESPB groups. Also the time of extubation was shortened，and the adverse reactions were decrecing within two days after operation（P ＜ 0.05）. Compared with group TAPB，the consumption of remifentanil and the requirement of sufentanil as rescue analgesic within 48 h after operation were decreased in ESPB group. But there were no significant difference of the time of extubation and the adverse reactions between the two groups within 48 h after operation（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion Preoperative ultrasound-guided TAPB or ESPB combining with PCIA can both provide better efficacy of postoperative analgesia with fewer adverse reactions in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation. Compared with TAPB，the consumption of postoperative intravenous analgesic is decelerated in ESPB. 

Objective To investigate the status quo of readiness for return-to-work among patients afterkidney transplantation and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods By using the general data questionnaire，Chinese version of the readiness for return-to-work scale（RRTW），brief illness perception questionnaire（BIPQ）and the general self-efficacy scale（GSES），a total of 241 respondents from transplantation clinics of two teaching affiliated hospitals in Wuhan were investigated. Results The rate of return-to-work among kidney transplant recipients was 50.2%，and the mean return time was（8.57±7.09）months after surgery. Patients who did not return-to-work accounted for the highest proportion in intention stage（43.3%）. Meanwhile，the proportion of patients who had returned to work in active maintenance stage was 71.7%. The average score was（38.21±8.95）points for illness perception，（23.53±4.44）points for self-efficacy. Renal function，whether having children，illness perception and self-efficacy were the influencing factors of readiness for return-to-work among kidney transplant recipients（all P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Kidney transplant patients' readiness for return-to-work is at a moderate level. Medical workers should pay attention to postoperative health follow-up of patients and provide targeted interventions to helpthem return to work and improve their readiness for return to work.