Abstract:

Objective To compare the effect of employment and unemployment on the quality of life and perceived social support in patients after kidney transplantation，and explore systematic health education contentsand methods. Methods 125 employed and 71 unemployed patients after kidney transplantation were evaluated in clinic with World Health Organization（WHO）Quality of Life instrument（WHOQOL-BREF）and perceived socialsupport scale（PSSS）questionnaire，and 93 and 71 valid questionnaires were retrieved in each group respectively. The results were statistically analyzed. Results The WHOQOL-BREF survey showed that the employed group hadbetter results in psychological，environmental and social domains than the unemployed group. The differences were statistically significant（all P ＜ 0.05）. PSSS results also showed statistically significant differences in the sum of extra-familial and social support between the two groups were found（both P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusions Employment after kidney transplantation is conducive for patients to win social support and quality of life. The transplant center should establish a comprehensive followup system to help patients'self-management，give them self-relianthealth education and subsequent care，satisfy patients'continuous physical and psychological needs and improve patients'psychologic adjustment ability and quality of life.

Key words:

摘要：

目的 研究肾移植术后就业与非就业对移植患者生活质量的影响和领悟社会支持的对比，进一步探讨系统化的健康教育内容和方法。方法 采用世界卫生组织（WHO）生活质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）及领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）分别对 125 例就业和 71 例非就业的门诊肾移植术后随访患者进行开放调查，收回有效问卷 93 份和 71 份，并进行统计相关分析和 t 检验。结果 WHOQOL-BREF 调查结果显示 ：就业组在心理领域、环境领域和社会关系领域三个维度均优于非就业组，差异有统计学意 义（均 P ＜ 0.05）；PSSS 调查结果也显示，就业组与非就业组在获得家庭外支持和社会支持总和方面差异 有统计学意义（均 P ＜ 0.01）。结论 肾移植术后就业有助于患者利用社会支持，有效提高生活质量，移植中心应该建立、建全患者回访制度，强化患者自我管理，给予患者自立、自强的健康教育和延续护理，满足患者延续的生理、心理的健康需求，增强心理调适能力，提高生活质量。

关键词: