Objective Kidney transplantation can improve anemia in uremia patients due to the secretion of erythropoietin by the transplanted kidney. The use of marginal donors leads to an increasing incidence of delayed graft function（DGF）after renal transplantation，but there is still no study on whether the DGF process has an impact on post-transplant hemoglobin of transplant recipients. Understanding the impact of the DGF process on hemoglobin（Hb） and the incidence of post-transplantation anemia is helpful for the development of medical protocols and prognosis assessment. Methods A single center study of 94 kidney transplants recipients were included, 47 deceased donors were assigned as pairs of kidneys to two different recipients, one with DGF（in the DGF group）and one without DGF （in the nDGF group）. Their perioperative and post-operative hemoglobin changes and incidence of anemia were analyzed. Results Patients in the DGF group had a greater perioperative decrease in hemoglobin（P ＜ 0.05）, which was significantly lower than the nDGF group at one month post-operation（P ＝ 0.035）. At 3, 6, and 12 months post-transplantation, there was no significant differences in hemoglobin levels between the two groups（P ＜ 0.05）, while there was a certain kind of correlation（PCCs ＝ 0.426, 0.504, 0.391）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of anemia 1 year post-transplantation between the two groups（P ＝ 0.959）. Conclusion With similar donor quality, DGF resulted in a significant decline of hemoglobin of the recipient at perioperative period, but had no significant effect on the long-term（3 ~ 12 month）hemoglobin level, and no significant effect on the incidence of anemia. Long-term hemoglobin of the two recipients from the same donor were associated with each other.