Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation. To analyze the risk factors of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation. Methods A total of 1 598 cases renal transplant patients in General Hospital of Chinese People 's Armed Police Forces from June 2005 to August2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical data of cytomegalovirus pneumonia of 59 cases renal transplant patients were collected. Clinical characteristics and risk factors of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation were analyzed. Results The incidence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation was 3.7% and the mortality rate was 6.8%. CD4 lymphocyte count and steroid excess were risk factors of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation. Conclusion The incidence of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation was higher. The use of immunosuppressive agents maybe the main risk factors of cytomegalovirus pneumonia after renal transplantation.