Objective To evaluate the safety of liver transplantation（LT）in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）treated with monoclonal antibodies against programmed death-1（PD-1）. Methods The clinical data and survival of 5 HCC patients who underwent liver transplantation and regular follow-up in the Department of Organ Transplantation of Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from January 2019 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed，and the relevant data of patients reported in the literature focusing on acute rejection and tumor recurrence since 2018were collected. Results All the 5 cases underwent classical orthotopic liver transplantation. The median follow-up time was 12 months. Eight literatures reported 38 patients，of whom 7 patients had biopsy-confirmed acute rejection，with an incidence of 18.42%（7/38）. Two patients died due to graft loss，with a mortality rate of 5.26%（2/38）. Two patients had tumor recurrence，with a recurrence rate of 5.55%（2/38）. Conclusion The use of PD-1 inhibitors as a bridging therapy in HCC patients waiting for liver transplantation can benefit some patients，but there are also a few patients with the risk of acute rejection and even death due to graft loss. 

Objective To summarize the therapeutic efficacy of liver transplantation in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma（ICC）and to analyze the prognostic risk factors. Methods The clinicopathological data of 46 pathological confirmed ICC patients who underwent liver transplantation in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from April 2001 to February 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. The survival and recurrence of the patients were followed up. Kaplan Meier method was employed to analyze the overall survival（OS）rate and relapse-free survival（RFS） rate of patients，and Cox regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors affecting the prognosis. ResultsThe median overall survival time of patients with ICC after liver transplantation was 19 months，and the 1，3，5-year OS rates were 64.4%，30.2%，20.7%，respectively. The median RFS time was 10 months，and the 1，3 and 5-year RFS rates were 45.8%，20.8%，10.4%，respectively. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that the level of preoperative carbohydrate antigen19-9（CA19-9）（P ＝ 0.026）was an independent risk factor for the overall survival time of patients，and local extrahepatic structures due to direct ICC invasion（P ＝ 0.019）was an independent risk factor for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusion The prognosis of liver transplantation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is poor. The high level of preoperative CA19-9 is an independent risk factor for short postoperative survival of recipients，and direct tumor invasion of extrahepatic tissues is an independent risk factor for high recurrence rate after liver transplantation. 

Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics，diagnosis，treatment and prognosis ofdigestive system malignancy following renal transplantation. Methods The clinical data on fifty-six cases of digestive system malignancy followingrenal transplantationbetween Jan 2000 and July2022 was retrospectively analyzed．Results Among the fifty-sixcases，forty-fourweremalesandtwelve were females.Twoof them had esophageal cancer，ten had gastric carcinoma，twenty-six had liver cancer，three had pancreatic carcinoma，two had tumor of duodenalampulla，and thirteen had intestinal cancer. The diagnosis was made based on the clinical symptoms，laboratory andimaging findings of the patients during follow-up. The patients receivedcomprehensive treatment mainly with surgery. The survival time of patients ranged from one month to eleven years. Conclusion There wasacloserelationshipbetween digestive system tumor and virus infection in renal transplantrecipients. Regular tumor screening after transplantationwas helpful for early diagnosis. According to the characteristics of the tumor，early and appropriate treatment measures should betaken.

Objective We retrospectively analyzed the immune characteristics of lymphocytes in patients withBK virus（BKV）activation after renal transplantation，and compared the impact of the areas under the lymphocyte curve （L_AUC）on BKV activation after renal transplantation. Methods Among 154 consecutive patients who underwent their first renal transplantation at our center between 2020 and 2021，a total number of 131 patients who met the inclusion criteriawere retrospectively studied. We divided these patients into BKV negative group and BKV reactivation group based on theBKV-DNA load in urine and blood after renal transplantation. L_AUC was calculated as the area under the lymphocyte curve. We calculated L_AUC from day 0 to day 30. The risk factors for BKV reactivation and relationship with L_AUC in the early period after renal transplantation were analyzed. Results BKV activation was detected in 40 cases at six months after renal transplantation. The lymphocyte count was lower in BKV activation group than BKV negative group，and thereindependent risk factor for BKV activation（95% CI ＝ 1.416 ～ 8.726，P ＝ 0.007），and female was a protective factor （95% CI ＝ 0.129 ～ 0.723，P ＝ 0.007）. Conclusion L_AUC is associated with BKV activation after renal transplantation，patients with low L_AUC30daysaftersurgery are morelikelyto haveBKVactivation. 

Objective To explore the contrast-enhanced mode and diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in recurrent lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Methods A totalnumber of 124 liver transplant recipients with pathological confirmed liver cancer recurrence in the OrganTransplantation Department of the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from October 2007 to January 2022were selected as the objects of study.Thecontrast-enhanced mode and contrast-enhanced ultrasound diagnosis ofrecurrent liver cancer were analyzed and compared with pathology. Four tables were used to calculate the sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictive value and accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound inthe diagnosis of liver cancer recurrence after liver transplantation. Linear weighted Kappa test was usedto analyzethe consistency between contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pathological diagnosis.Results Atotal number of124 cases of liver tumor recurrence 

were diagnosed pathologically，including 59 cases of single lesion and 65 cases of multiple foci. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode: arterial phase high enhancement in 96 cases，equal enhancement in 16 cases，low enhancement in 12 cases，fast in and fast out in 106 cases，fast in and slow out in 5 cases，equal in and slowout in 11 cases，equal in and slow out in 2 cases. The sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictivevalue and accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the diagnosis of recurrence were 97.6%，97.4%，98.4%，96.2% and 97.5%，respectively. The results of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pathological diagnosis were consistent，and theKappa value was 0.948（P ＜ 0.001）. Conclusion The results of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are consistentwith pathological diagnosis. According to its characteristic enhancement mode，

contrast-enhanced ultrasound has important clinical value in the diagnosis ofrecurrent liver tumor afterliver transplantation. 

Objective The clinical effects of antifungal application in kidney transplant patients were analyzed to evaluate their efficacy and safety. Methods The clinical data of 155 perioperative renal transplantation patients from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively analysed. There were 64 cases in the control group and 91 cases in the prevention group. The patients were followed up for 12 months，and the fungal infection of the patients were recorded. Results There were 5 cases of fungal infection in the control group. In the prevention group，there were only 3 cases of fungal infection. The incidence was 7.81% and 3.30%，respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups after statistical analysis. The incidence of early stage infection in the control group was 60%，and the incidence of late infection（＞ 4 months after transplantation）was 40%. While the incidence of early stage infection in the prevention group was 100%，the incidence of late stage infection did not occur. Conclusion The late stage infection rate in the prevention group was lower than that in the control group，suggesting that perioperative prevention of fungal infection has a certain positive effect on late infection. But due to the limitations of samples，small sample size and short follow-up time in our center，the efficacy，safety and economy of prophylactic antifungal drugs under multi-center hierarchical management still need to be further studied.