Objective To investigate the incidence，epidemiological characteristics，the clinical features and the treatment of mid-long-term cytomegalovirus（CMV）infection after liver transplantation. Methods The patients with mid-long-term cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation in the Armed Police General Hospital between January 2005 and April 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. CMV immunoglobulin M（CMV-IgM） and immunoglobulin G（CMV-IgG）were detected by serological method. CMV antigen（CMV-pp65）was detected by immulogical stain，and CMV-DNA was detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results A total number of 736 cases of liver transplantation were performed，and 163 cases of postoperative infection occurred. The overall incidence was 22.1%. Among them，there were 14 cases of CMV infection the incidence of which was 1.9%. CMV infection occurred between 1-86 month after the operation，and the average time of CMV infection was 7 months. Conclusion Mid-long-term CMV infection after liver transplantation is a problem that cannot be ignored，and the abilities of recognition and diagnosis should be improved.

目的 探讨肝移植术后中远期巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染的发生情况、流行病学特点、临床 表现及诊治的特殊性。方法 回顾性分析 2005 年 1 月— 2012 年 4 月期间武警总医院移植研究所进行肝移 植术患者术后中远期发生 CMV 的感染情况。血清学检测 CMV 免疫球蛋白 M（CMV-IgM）及免疫球蛋白 G （CMV-IgG），抗原检测 CMV 抗原（CMV-pp65），荧光定量 PCR 技术检测 CMV 脱氧核糖核酸（CMV-DNA）。 结果 期间共行肝移植术 736 例，术后中远期感染发生 163 例，感染的发生率为 22.1% ；其中 CMV 感染 14 例，感染的发生率为 1.9%。CMV 感染多发生于术后 1 ~ 86 个月，平均时间为 7 个月。结论 肝移植术 后中远期感染的发生率较早期明显降低，而 CMV 是肝移植术后一个较为常见的病毒感染，肝移植术后患者 发生 CMV 感染的时间可能会随着预防方案的普遍运用而延后。肝移植术后中远期巨细胞病毒感染是一个不 容忽视的问题，需提高认识和诊断能力。