Objective To investigate the application value of dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subsets （including T，B and NK cells）after lung transplantation. Methods Flow cytometry was used to dynamically monitor the changes of lymphocyte subsets at different time points before and after lung transplantation in two patients. Results Two recipients presented different changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after lung transplant. The preoperative lymphocyte subsets were in normal level in one recipient，the T lymphocyte subgroup returned to reference range nine days after transplant，the absolute number of NK cells remained low，the CD4/CD8 level first increased and then decreased postoperatively in this patients. The lymphocyte subsets has been restored to normal levels 6 month after transplant. In case 2，the lymphocyte subsets were severely reduced before surgery，and the absolute number of CD3+CD8+ T lymphocytes returned to normal level 7 days after surgery. CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 remained low，while NK cells and B cells fluctuated slightly and were below the reference range at most time points. Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of lymphocyte subsets after lung transplantation cantimely evaluate the immune status of patients，provide reference for individualized diagnosis and treatment and timely adjustment of medication regimen. 

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation. Methods CNKI， Wanfang Data，VIP，PubMed，Embase，Cochrane Library were searched for Chinese and English articles published up before December 2020. Secondaryscreening，quality assessment and data extraction were performed，and then RevMan 5.3 were used for meta- analysis. Results A total of 10 articles with 1 152 patients were included. The results showed that compared with steroid immunosuppression regimen without basiliximab，the basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppression regimen could effectively decrease the incidence of postoperative acute rejections（OR＝0.68，95％CI＝0.48～0.98，P ＝ 0.04），total infection rate（OR ＝ 0.44，95％ CI ＝ 0.32 ～ 0.62，P ＜ 0.001），de novo diabetes rate（OR ＝ 0.11，95％ CI ＝ 0.55 ～ 0.26，P ＜ 0.001），recurrence and metastasis rate of liver cancer within one year（OR ＝ 0.29， 95％ CI ＝ 0.16 ～ 0.55，P ＜ 0.001），hepatitis B recurrence rate（OR ＝ 0.24，95％ CI ＝ 0.08 ～ 0.76，P ＝ 0.02），and the incidence of new-onset hypertension in non-Asian liver transplant（OR ＝ 0.22，95％ CI ＝ 0.08 ～ 0.65，P ＝ 0.006）. It could effectively improve the postoperative survival rate of patients （HR ＝ 0.48，95％ CI ＝ 0.36 ～ 0.64，P ＜ 0.001）. Conclusion Based on the available data in the published literature， basiliximab-induced steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen after liver transplantation is more effective and has lower related complications than the conventional steroid combination regimen. 

Objective Through the diagnosis and treatment process of 3 patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders（PTLD），the etiology，clinical manifestations and diagnosis and treatment measures of PTLD after kidney transplantation were discussed. Methods A retrospective analysis of 3 patients with PTLD diagnosed and treated in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from 2010 to 2022 was performed. Results All patients had received three-drug-immunosuppression after transplantation，and the duration between renal transplantation and diagnosis of PTLD was 5 months，6 months，and 120 months，respectively. All patients had symptoms of compression at the corresponding location caused by enlarged regional lymph nodes. Upon diagnosis，the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs was reduced，supplemented with rituximab or chemotherapy. Clinical complete remission was achieved in one case，and the lesion of the remaining patients was significantly reduced. Conclusion PTLD is one of the rare complications after kidney transplantation，with poor prognosis and heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Lymph node enlargement is one of the typical manifestations of this disease. Early imaging and histopathological examinations are ideal for a definite diagnosis and early adjustment. The combination of immunosuppressive dose adjustment，application of rituximab and chemotherapy as well as othermeasures can improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality of patients. 

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of graft-versus-host-disease（GVHD）after liver transplantation. Methods The data of patients with GVHD after liver transplantation in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2020 to April 2022 were collected，and their clinical characteristics and treatment experience were descriptively analyzed. Results Three patients developed GVHD after livertransplantation，all died due to sepsis and multiple organ failure. Typical clinical symptoms include fever，rash，diarrhea，and myelosuppression. Skin pathological biopsy showed epidermal keratosis，vacuolar degeneration of basal layer cells and lymphocyte infiltration in dermis. Chimerism rate of T lymphocytes showed donor T lymphocyte chimerism. Treatment strategies included infection prevention，withdrawal of immunosuppressive agents，high-doseglucocorticoid bolus therapy，monoclonal antibody therapy and symptomatic support therapy. Conclusion Theprognosis of GVHD after liver transplantation is poor. The diagnosis of GVHD after liver transplantation is based ontypical clinical symptoms and auxiliary examinations，and the comprehensive treatment strategy is based on high- dose glucocorticoid bolus therapy. 

Objective To explore the effects of different biopsy location and methods on the histopathological evaluation of donation after citizen's death（DCD）donor kidney. Methods Ten cases of discarded donor kidneys were collected from 2019 to 2022. Samples were harvested from different sites and preparedby paraffin section. After being stained with hematoxylin-eosin（HE），the number of glomeruli and arterioles and the degree of lesion were compared. The specimens were evaluated according to Banff score，Remuzzi score， Maryland score and Pirani score. The samples were compared with the other samples collected bycore needle biopsy，and the number of glomeruli and arterioles per unit area of the two samples were calculated. Results There was no difference in the number and degree of glomeruli and arterioles observed in specimens taken from differentparts（P ＞ 0.05），and there was no significant difference in Banff score，Remuzzi score，Maryland score and Pirani score（P ＞ 0.05）. The proportion of glomerulosclerosis（42%±8.8% vs. 25%±23.2%），intimal thickening of arterioles（68%±27% vs. 46.5%±22.8%）and arterioles hyaline degeneration（86%±17.4% vs. 59.3%±16.4%）incore needle biopsy specimens was higher than that in anatomical specimens. In the aspect of donor kidney scoring，only the degree of glomerulosclerosis in Banff score was significantly different between the two samples（2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.6 ± 0.9）， and there was no significant difference in other scoring systems（P ＞ 0.05）. The number of glomeruli in core needle

biopsy specimens per unit area was less than that in anatomical specimens〔（199.3±50.7）/cm2 vs.（240.6±57.4）/cm2〕，but the number of arterioles was greater than that in anatomical specimens〔（153.5±76.9）/cm2 vs.（114.9±43.7）/cm2〕. Conclusion The way of obtaining biopsy specimens from different parts had no effect on the histological evaluationof DCD donor kidney. The scoring results of core needle biopsy specimens can reflect the degree of donor kidney lesions. The sample getting from core needle biopsy is deep，and the degree of angle entering the donor kidney should be appropriately decreased. 

Objective To study the effect of pectolinarigenin（Pec）treatment on the composition and functionof T lymphocyte subtypes in mice with liver cancer，and to explore its potential value as an adjuvant therapy for livercancer. Methods SPF grade 8-week-old C57BL/6N female mice weresubcutaneously inoculated with mouse-derivedhepatocellular carcinoma cells Hepa 1-6. Mice were divided into the control group（Ctrl group）and the pectolinarigenin-treated group（Pec group），with 5 animals in each group. Pec was administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection every other day，and continuously for seven times. Mice were weighed before administration，and tumor size was measured. Spleen，draining lymph nodes and tumors were harvested twenty-one days after inoculation. Theproportions of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. RT-qPCR was utilized to detect the expression levels of major cytokines and chemokines related to T lymphocyte function. Results The growth curves of mice weight between two groups were similar（P ＞ 0.05），indicating that the dose used in the study was within the safe range. Tumor volume and tumor weight of the mice in Pec group were significantly reduced when compared with those in Ctrl group（P ＜ 0.05）. In the spleen and draining lymph nodes，the proportion of CD8+ T cells increased while the proportion of CD4+ T cells decreased after treatment with pec. The results of immunohistochemistry showed the increased CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumor tissues（P ＜ 0.05）. The expression levels of IFN-γ，granzyme B，chemokine CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3，which were closely related to the chemotaxis of CD8+ T cells，were significantly increased in the tumor tissue after treatment with pec（P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Pec can inhibit the progression of liver cancer by promoting the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and enhancing the expression levels of IFN-γ and granzyme B in liver cancer-bearing mice. 

Objective To explore the effect and preliminary mechanism of plant extract ursolic acid（UA）inreducing hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury（HIRI）. Methods C57 male mice were divided into sham operation group，sham operation +UA group，HIRI group，HIRI low-dose group and HIRI high-dose group. The analysis and validationwere carried out by methods such as animal experiments，network pharmacology and molecular biology. Results Animal experiments showed that UA significantly reduced the activities of AST and ALT in serum of HIRI mice. Target genescorresponding to HIRI and ursolic acid were obtained by TCMSP，Pharm Mapper，Swiss Target Prediction，GeneCards and other databases，and key target genes were obtained by DAVID，STRING and Cytoscape. They were PPARG （peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma，PPARG），

MAPK3（mitogen-activated protein kinase 3，MAPK3） and PTGS2（prostaglandin G/H synthase 2，PTGS2）. Finally，PTGS2 was identified as the hub target gene in this study according to the molecular docking score and the number of hydrogen bonds binding between receptor and ligand. Compared with Sham operation group，PTGS2 was highly expressed in HIRI group（P ＜ 0.01）. Compared with HIRI group，the expression of PTGS2 in HIRI + LUA and HIRI + HUA groups was significantly decreased （P ＜ 0.01）. Conclusion UA can regulate the protective effect of PTGS2 on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injuryin mice. Thisstudy providesa reference for clinical development of new drugsto interveneHIRI.