Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognosis of liver transplantation in children with biliary atresia combined with liver cancer. Methods From January 1，2015 to December 31，2019，there were 4 cases of biliary atresia combined with liver cancer in the Tianjin First Central Hospital. The clinical data of these 4 cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 4 biliary atresia patients，there were 3 cases complicated with hepatoblastoma and 1 case complicated with hepatocellular carcinoma. All the patients were diagnosed with biliary atresia preoperatively，1 case was diagnosed with hepatoblastoma preoperatively，and the other 3 cases were diagnosed with hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma postoperatively. The median follow-up time was 25.5 months. All the 4 patients survived and no recurrence was found during the follow-up period. Conclusion Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for biliary atresia combined with liver cancer. For low-risk patients，the short-term effect without adjuvant chemotherapy after transplantation is definite，and the long-term outcomes need to be studied further.

Objective To explore the influence of surgical methods and perioperative management onclinical outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation in a single center. Methods The clinical data of 25 pediatric liver transplantation patients from January 2016 to January 2021 in organ transplantation center of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were included to observe the general results，postoperative surgical complications and prognosis. Results Among the 25 cases, 3 cases died within 2 months after operation，2 cases experienced portal vein stenosis and 1 case experience delayed recovery of liver function. The postoperative 2-month survival rate was 86.4%，and the 1-year survival rate was 86.4%. Up to now，the graft function of 22 patients recovered well， and the immunosuppressant concentration remained in a stable range. Conclusion The success rate and survival rate of pediatric liver transplantation in our center are acceptable，and it is still necessary to strengthen perioperative management in order to achieve better long-term survival results.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of 12 children with lung transplantation. Methods We carried out a retrospective analysis on the data of 12 pediatric lung transplantation performedbetween December 2007 and August 2020，focusing on the indications，postoperative complications and survival rate. Results Twelve children underwent lung transplantation，including 5 males and 7 females. The age of patients were aged 2 to 17 years old at the time of lung transplantation（median age was 13.5 years old），and 5 cases were younger than 12 years old，accounting for 41.7%；their weight varies between 15 to 55kg（median weight was 45 kg）. According to the preoperative diagnosis，4（33.3%）had idiopathic pulmonary hypertension，3（25%） had bronchiolitis obliterans ，3（25%）had interstitial lung disease ，and 1（8.3%）had congenital heart disease and 1（8.3%）had pulmonary cystic fibrosis. The recipients all received lung grafts with identical or compatible ABO blood type. Cyclosporine or tacrolimus，mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone were applied as the immunosuppressive therapy. Postoperative complications included 10 cases of infection，3 cases of cardiac dysfunction，2 cases of primarygraft dysfunction，1 case of postoperative bleeding，and 1 case of airway stenosis. All patients recovered and were discharged after the operation. One patient died 6 months after the operation because of airway stenosis complicated with infection. Conclusion Lung transplantation is a safe and effective way to treat end-stage lung disease in children. We should pay more attention to selecting appropriate donors and recipients，standardizing operations，strengthening postoperative management and actively preventing complications in order to improve the survival rate of recipients.

Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the hot topics in Web of Science core databasein pediatric liver transplantation from 2016 to 2020. Methods The core database data of Web of Science is download as the data source of this study，and Vosviewer and Citespace softwares were used to visually analyze the published papers，research units，core research authors，journal distribution，research keywords and perform related cluster analysis of pediatric liver transplantation in recent five years. Results A total number of 1 965 articles on pediatric liver transplantation showed that the United States was the main country with 465 articles published in five years, the University of Toronto in Canada was the high publishing institution with 53 articles published, and Mureo Kasahara was the high-yield core author. In the past five years, the high-frequency keywords in the basic research of subject knowledge were "children" "liver transplantation" "outcome" "recipient" and "pedatric", and the high-frequency mutation words include "prognosis" "prophylaxi" "stenosis" and "disorder". Conclusion The research hotspots of pediatric liver transplantation in recent five years include split liver transplantation, clinical changes, acute liver failure in children, brain death, lymphoproliferative disorders, hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma and so on.

Objective To investigate application value of rectus abdominis posterior sheath nerve block combined with TAP in peritoneal dialysis catheterization. Methods From June 2018 to July 2020， 146 patients who needed peritoneal dialysis catheterization in our hospital were divided into control group（group C） and experimental group（group T），with 73 patients in each group. Patients in group C were treated with posterior rectus sheath nerve block，and patients in group T were treated with rectus abdominis posterior sheath nerveblock combined with TAP. The intraoperative pain intensity， number of rescue analgesia and surgical complications were compared between the two groups，and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons in the two groups was compared. Results The success rate was 100%. Compared with group C，the intraoperative pain score in group T was lower（P ＜ 0.05），the number of rescue analgesia was reduced（P ＜ 0.05），and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons was increased（P ＜ 0.05），there was no significant difference in the complications between the two groups（P ＞ 0.05）. Conclusion Posterior rectus abdominis sheath nerve block combined with TAP is a safe and effective anesthesia method for peritoneal dialysis catheterization，and it does not increase the surgical complications.