Objective To analyze the influence of planned behavior theory on psychological experience and medication compliance in patients after renal transplantation. Methods Fifty cases of kidney transplant patients admitted to our hospital from March 2017 to March 2019 were divided into a control group and an observation group. 25 patients in the control group received traditional nursing，and 25 patients are listed in the observation group. The planned behavioral theory intervention was adopted to compare the self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）scores，medication compliance，and complications. Results The SAS score was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group after 3 days of nursing. The medication compliance（96.00%）in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group（68.00%）. The incidence of complications in the observation group （4.00%）was significantly lower than that in the control group（28.00%），differences were statistically significant （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion The theory of planned behavior can be applied to postoperative nursing of renal transplant patients，it is safe and effective to alleviate patients' psychological anxiety，improve medication compliance and reduce the incidence of complications.

目的 探讨计划行为理论对肾移植术后患者心理体验及服药依从性的影响。方法 纳入本院 2017 年 3 月— 2019 年 3 月收治的肾移植手术患者 50 例分为对照组和观察组，对照组 25 例患者采纳传统护 理，观察组 25 例患者采纳计划行为理论干预，对比两组的焦虑自评量表（self-rating anxiety scale，SAS）评分、 服药依从性以及并发症发生情况。结果 观察组护理 3 d 后 SAS 评分明显比对照组低，观察组服药依从性 （96.00%）明显比对照组（68.00%）高，观察组并发症发生率（4.00%）明显比对照组（28.00%）低，差异 具有统计学意义（均 P ＜ 0.05）。结论 计划行为理论应用于肾移植患者术后护理中，可有效减轻患者心理 焦虑情绪，提高服药依从性，降低并发症发生率，安全有效，值得借鉴。