Objective To investigate factors affecting medication adherence of patients who take immunosuppressive agents after kidney transplantation and to evaluate the effectiveness of specific nursing interventions. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in patients and nurses to find out the factors that affect medication compliance，and targeted nursing intervention methods were proposed. A total of 100 renal transplant patients in 2017 were collected and divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group were subdivided into 4 groups，3 received single intervention seperately，the comprehensive intervention group received all of the intervention. The effect were evaluated with modified Morisky Medication Adherence Evaluation Scale，and the results were just good or not good. Chi-square test was used to analyze difference between groups. Results Factors that affect medication adherence were：① insufficient knowledge about the importance of taking medicine under order. ② Problem concerning medicine management. ③ Inadequate management of patients after discharge. Rate of good adherence in all intervention groups was 84%，that is higher than 60% in the control group（P ＜ 0.05）. The rate of good adherence in comprehensive intervention group was 91.3% which was significantly higher than the control group （P ＜ 0.05）. Comparison between other groups didn’t show any statistical difference. Conclusion Our studyexplored several important factors that affect medication adherence of patients who take immunosuppressive agents after kidney transplantation. Interventions focusing on these factors improve medication adherence. Comprehensive intervention was more effective than applying single intervention method

Kidney transplantaion, Immunosuppressor, Medication adherence, Nursing intervention

目的 调查影响肾移植术后服用免疫抑制剂患者服药依从性的因素，制定针对性的护理干预 措施并评定其效果。方法 采取向患者和护士分别进行问卷调查的方法找出影响服药依从性的因素，提出 针对性的护理干预方法。收集 2017 年全年肾移植患者 100 例，分成干预组和对照组。干预组共分为接受单 一措施组及接受所有措施组 4 组。使用修订 Morisky 服药依从性调查问卷评价干预效果，结果分为依从性好 与不好两种。使用卡方检验分析组间差异。结果 主要影响服药依从性的因素为 ：① 缺乏按嘱服药的重要 性的知识。② 服药管理问题。③ 对患者的出院后的管理不足。经过干预，干预组的合格率为 84%，高于对 照组的 60%（P ＜ 0.05)。综合干预组的合格率 91.3%，明显高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。其他各组的两两比较 未显示出有统计意义的差异。结论 本研究发现了影响肾移植术后服用免疫抑制剂患者服药依从性的几项 重要因素。针对性的干预措施能改善服药依从性，综合性的干预措施相对单一干预措施有更为为明确的效果。

肾移植 , 免疫抑制剂 , 服药依从性 , 护理干预