Abstract:

Objective To analyze the psychologic status and influence factors of the DCD preoperativetransplant patients，provide the basis for implementing psychological intervention，improve patients' unhealthy emotions for improving the preoperative patients' understanding of disease and treatment，let them treat the disease in a positive emotion，make the treatment smooth，guarantee the postoperative life quality of patients. Methods Questionnaire survey was applied to 108 registered patients from January 2014 to June 2014. The patients were divided into control group with regular nursing and experiment group with nursing intervention. SAS，SDS，MuIs-A and self-design psychological effect factor survey had been used to evaluate the psychological status and factor analysis. After intervention for half year，the same survey was applied and evaluated again. Results With the extension of thewaiting time, the patient will gradually exhibit a variety of emotional disorders. 70% of them show anxiety，the reason for 40% of those anxious patient was related to long-time disease，long waiting time，financial burden，repeatedly matching failure，unpredictability of transplantation，uncomprehensive understanding of disease. After nursingintervention，the situation of anxiety，depressed and uncertainty in illness in control and experiment group had improved （P ＜ 0.05）. Conclusion Taking nursing intervention according to influence factors can dramatically improve thepatient’s understanding and cooperation.

摘要： 目的 分析心脏死亡器官捐献（DCD）移植等待患者心理状况及影响因素，为患者实施心理干预提供依据，改善患者的不良情绪，提高 DCD 移植等待患者对疾病及治疗的认识，使患者以积极乐观的心态对待疾病，使各项治疗得以顺利进行，为患者移植及术后生存质量提高提供保障。方法 采取问卷调查的方法，对 2014 年 1 月至 2014 年 6 月在武汉大学中南医院进行移植等待登记的 108 例患者分为对照组（常规护理）和实验组（改良护理），按照登记的前后顺序分为应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、疾病不确定感量表（MuIs-A）和自设的心理影响因素调查表，对患者进行心理状况评定及因素分析，护理干预半年后再次填写量表，再次进行评估。结果 随着等待时间的延长，患者会逐渐表现出各种情绪障碍，其中有 70% 左右的移植等待患者具有焦虑情绪，约有 40% 的移植等待患者具有焦虑情绪，且与长期病痛干扰、等待器官压力、经济负担、反复配型失败、移植手术不可预测性、疾病认识不全面等相关。实验组和对照组护理干预后患者焦虑、抑郁情况及疾病不确定感评分均有好转（均 P ＜ 0.05）。结论针对影响因素进行护理干预，明显提高了患者对疾病的认识和配合程度。