Objective To analyze the health-related quality of life（HRQOL）of lung transplant recipients in the first year after surgery，and to explore the influencing factors of HRQOL in lung transplant recipients. Methods A total of 132 patients were surveyed before lung transplantation as well as at 3，6，9 and 12 months after lung transplantation. The demographic characteristics，clinical characteristics，and health-related quality of life SF-36 （Chinese version）were used to conduct longitudinal surveys of recipients during outpatient follow-up. The HRQOL score was determined. Results According to the analysis of clinical characteristics before and after transplantation: FEV1%、6MWD and mMRC were negatively correlated with postoperative time（all P ＜ 0.001），all were statistically significant（P ＜ 0.001）. The over-time HRQOL analysis showed that the physiological functions，physiological functions，physical pain，overall health，energy，social function，mental health，and total scores of the points were different at different time points, with statistical significance（P ＜ 0.05），while the difference in emotional functions at different time points were not statistically significant.（P ＝ 0.709）. A pairwise comparison of the dimensions showed statistically significant differences between the groups ；The factors affecting the quality of life in physiological aspects were the type of transplant，endocrine system and respiratory complications ；The factors influencing the quality of life in terms of psychological aspects were education，primitive disease，complications in blood system，digestive system and respiratory system. Conclusion The quality of life of lung transplantation recipients was affected and reduced by multiple factors. Therefore，we should focus on the factors that affect the quality of life of patients in order to carry out targeted nursing measures.

目的 分析肺移植受者术后第 1 年的健康相关生活质量（health-related quality of life， HRQOL），探讨肺移植受者 HRQOL 相关的影响因素。 方法 肺移植术前及术后第 3、6、9、12 个月共调查 132 例患者，采用人口统计学特征、临床特征、与健康有关的生活质量 SF-36（中文版）对肺移植术后门诊 随访患者进行纵向调查，以确定对 HRQOL 的结果。 结果 通过肺移植术前与术后临床特征分析 ：FEV1%、 6MWD 和 mMRC 与术后时间均呈负相关（均 P ＜ 0.001），均有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.001）。HRQOL 随时间 变化分析 ：不同时间点的生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、精力、社会功能、精神健康和总分 均存在差异，差异具有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05），而不同时间点情感职能的差异无统计学意义（P ＝ 0.709）， 并且对组间差异有统计学意义的维度进行两两比较，差异有统计学意义 ；生理方面生活质量的影响因素为 移植类型、内分泌系统和呼吸系统并发症 ；心理方面生活质量的影响因素为文化程度、原始疾病、血液系 统、消化系统和呼吸系统并发症。 结论 肺移植患者术后生活质量受多因素影响，导致生活质量较低。因此， 应重点关注影响患者生活质量的因素，并做好针对性干预及护理。